A REVIEW ON APPLICATIONS OF THERMOGRAVIMETRIC METHODS OF ANALYSIS (TGA, DTA, DSC)

Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) are pivotal thermal analysis techniques with extensive applications across various scientific and industrial fields. TGA is a versatile analytical technique used to study the thermal stability and composition of materials by monitoring changes in weight as a function of temperature. TGA is crucial for characterizing polymers, composites, and nanomaterials, providing insights into decomposition temperatures, compositional analysis, and the effects of additives or fillers. TGA measures the change in mass of a material as a function of temperature or time under a controlled atmosphere, providing critical insights into thermal stability, composition, and decomposition mechanisms. DTA detects temperature differences between a sample and a reference under identical thermal conditions, enabling the characterization of phase transitions, crystallization, and thermal behavior. DSC, a refinement of DTA, quantitatively measures the heat flow associated with transitions in materials, facilitating precise determination of melting points, glass transitions, specific heat capacities, and reaction kinetics. Together, these techniques are instrumental in material science for the development of polymers, pharmaceuticals, and composites; in quality control for determining purity and compositional analysis; and in the study of environmental effects and degradation processes. Their integration offers a comprehensive understanding of thermal properties, essential for innovation and optimization in material design and application.

Key Words: TGA, DTA, DSC, purity, thermal properties.