DF2 Galaxy Dynamics: A Comparative Analysis of Time Dilation Gradients, Dark Matter, and Modified Newtonian Dynamics

This paper introduces the Time Dilation Gradient (TDG) model to address the gravitational anomalies in the ultra-diffuse galaxy NGC1052-DF2 (DF2). By leveraging the principles of General and Special Relativity, the TDG model offers a novel approach that outperforms traditional Dark Matter (DM) and Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) models. Through detailed calculations and analysis, we demonstrate how the TDG model accounts for the observed dynamics in DF2 without invoking dark matter, providing a more theoretically consistent solution. The results suggest that TDG has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of galactic dynamics.