Культура повсякденності у вхідних просторах житлових споруд Східної Галичини кінця ХІХ – першої третини ХХ ст.

The architectural objects we are investigating (living buildings) give a complete picture of the outlook and self-identification of those people who created them because they synthesize the leading technical and aesthetic achievements of that time. Living architecture best represents the level of culture of everyday life of those people who lived there and live in it now because inhabitants, like architects, act as bearers of the culture of the era. Study of the basic principles of the formation of living architecture at the end of the ХІХth — the first third of the ХХth century is due to the fact that it largely determines the image of Eastern Galicia and reflects the ideological ideas, socio-economic and aesthetic views of society at that time. In our opinion, it is very important to trace the balance between utilitarian and artistic views in the entrance spaces of living buildings of the late ХІХth and first third of the ХХth century and emphasize the need to preserve authentic architectural objects and carry out professional restoration work in them. In recent years many scientists have studied the living architecture of Eastern Galicia at the end of the ХІХth — the first third of the ХХth century,in particular: Yu. Biryulov, I. Zhuk, R. Lipka, B. Cherkes, V. Chepelyk, O. Noga,S. Linda, O. Sylnik, S. Kazantseva, L. Polischuk and others. However, there are aspects that were considered by the researchers fragmentary and need more detailed coverage. This, first of all, concerns the artistic decoration of entrance spaces (lobbies and staircases) in the structure of living buildings because they are business cards of an architectural work, which form the first impression of visitors and demonstrate the level of culture of everyday life of those people who live there. Significant factual material on the architecture of the lobbying group of spaces in the living buildings of Lviv atthe end of the XIX — early XX centuries were collected and structured bythe researcher O. Lysenko. Researcher L. Bachinskaya emphasized the importance of communications in the formation of architectural space. We made an attempt to reveal the peculiarities of the culture of everyday life in the entrance expanses of living buildings of Eastern Galicia of the late ХІХth and first third of the ХХth century on an example of artistic decoration of lobbies and stairwells, as well as to analyze the attitude of inhabitants to the entrance group of spaces in modern conditions. The objectives of this article are to analyze the main aspects of the culture of everyday life in the living architecture of Eastern Galicia of the late ХІХth and first third of the ХХth century on the example of entrance spaces (lobbies and staircases) in the living buildings and emphasize the problem of their preservation and the need for professional restoration. The following research methods were used in the article:- a method of analysis and systematization of scientific literature on the subject of research: monographs, articles, publications in periodicals, guidebooks, as well as scientific and methodical literature- a method of stylistic analysis of historical architectural objects used in the  study of the construction of cities of Eastern Galicia and helps to establish the main trends of stylistic solutions and principles of decoration of the entrance spaces of living buildings at the end of the XIXth — first third of the ХХth century.- a method of field studies, through which you can obtain reliable information on the status of entrance spaces of living buildings in modern conditions.The results of the research support the idea that the aesthetic priorities foreach stylistic, historical period were determined by the principles ofdecoration of entrance spaces and the nature of social influence on architecture. The balance between utilitarian and artistic views in the entrance group of premises, combining public and private space is revealed. We can trace the patterns in the attitude of inhabitants of living buildings to lobbies and staircases in modern conditions. We conclude that the culture of everyday life covers all of the things that make up human life: its situation, the needs and the possibilities of their satisfaction. These are relationships, actions, ideals, customs and traditions and value orientations that govern the behavior of people, individual and collective practices and forms of communication. Living buildings of the end of the ХІХth and first third of the ХХth century in Eastern Galicia are not purely utilitarian objects, they represent a significant artistic value because they reflect aesthetic preferences that dominate a particular society in a certain era. The idea of the creative unity of the two spheres of existence — material and irrational — was embodied in practice in the principle of the synthesis of objective reality and subjective perception and reflected in the artistic decoration of the entrance spaces. The architecture of the entrance spaces, of course, depends on the purpose of these premises, the main functions of which are communicative-distribution, informational-visual and representative (aesthetic). Nevertheless, it is very important for us to understand that the entrance expanses were not and are not just a transit zone, which combined public and private, not alienated “square meters” — an area that grows up with the inhabitants to the extent that they begin to form them themselves. Actually the representativeness of the entrance spaces was closely connected with everyday life because the central place in the worldview of the modern era was the idea of the unity of life and the Perfect.It is no coincidence that the drawings on the floor, stained-glass windows, grilles, staircase ornamentation and coloring of the room performed in decorating the buildings are one of the elements of the entire composite design and help the artistic clarity and clear perception of the forms and volumes of the interior. That is why lobbies and stairwells as integral parts of a living building are some of the best examples of historical reality, since they demonstrate not only the professional level of the architects themselves but also serve to interpret the wishes of the inhabitants. In modern conditions, it is important to focus on the conservation of objects and the need for professional restoration work of them.