Типові проекти середніх вокзалів України другої половини ХІХ – першої третини ХХ ст.: історія, просторово-планувальна структура та художньо-стилістичні особливості

The purpose of the article is to analyze typical design projects of medium-sized railway stations of Ukraine of the second half of the 19th century – the first third of the 20th century based on the abundant factual data. Using specific historical objects as an example, the author proposes his typology of the architectural composition of medium-sized railway stations. The article describes the historical context of construction of railway stations, analyzes spatial and planning structure, artistic and stylistic aspects of the architecture of medium-sized railway stations. The research discovers common tendencies in the development of railway station architecture of this period in the whole territory of Ukraine. Based on typological, stylistic and architectural-planning characteristics, the author makes the first classification of objects of railway station architecture, establishes names of some architects and engineers, makes a list of historical objects, analyzes and structures 104 buildings of medium-sized railway stations built upon the typical design project. It is noted that the usage of a wide spectrum of architectural forms was congruent with artistic directions of the eclecticism, as well as with the modern and Art Deco styles, typical for the artistic culture of the second half of the 19th century – the first third of the 20th century.