EXAMINING THE COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS FOR TRADITIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO CARDIOVASCULAR SCREENING IN RWANDAN HEALTHCARE: A MIXED-METHODS STUDY WITH A FOCUS ON LIFESTEN HEALTH

Abstract: - Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose a significant global health challenge, contributing to millions of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) annually. This paper examines the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of government-led cardiovascular health screening approach and technology based transdermal optical imaging screening via Lifesten Health in Rwanda.

Using a mixed-methods approach, this study combines systematic literature review and narrative synthesis with qualitative cost analysis derived from review and interview data. Drawing inspiration from a previous study by Asmah et al. (2020), questions were tailored to explore the cost-benefit ratio of traditional cardiovascular health screening approaches and Lifesten's tech enabled cardiovascular care methods. Expert opinions were sought from professionals affiliated with the NCD clinics of the Rwandan Ministry of Health and Lifesten. Thematic analysis of expert responses revealed recurring themes.

Government-led screening in Rwanda typically relies on sphygmomanometers, whereas technological approaches involve wearable devices and smartphone applications. While both methods demonstrate effectiveness, technological solutions offer greater efficiency due to their minimal equipment and training requirements. However, challenges such as digital illiteracy impeding technological adoption and shortages of materials and healthcare providers for conventional screening, persist.

Investing in digital literacy is paramount for the successful implementation of digital cardiovascular disease screening, given its efficiency and low training demands. Concurrently, enhancing healthcare provider training and ensuring adequate equipment for conventional screening are essential for improving its effectiveness. A dual-focused approach holds promise for significantly reducing the burden of mortality and morbidity associated with cardiovascular diseases in Rwanda.