Correlation of Radiological Parameters with Cytological Findings in Diagnosing Thyroid Swelling
Authors/Creators
- 1. Tutor, Department of Pathology, Patna Medical College & Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
- 2. Professor, Department of Pathology, Patna Medical College & Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
- 3. Professor and HOD, Department of Pathology, Patna Medical College & Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
Description
Background: Thyroid nodules are frequently encountered in clinical practice, with the challenge of accurately distinguishing benign from malignant nodules. Ultrasound (US) and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) are pivotal in this diagnostic process, with recent advancements enhancing their diagnostic accuracy. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between various radiological parameters observed in ultrasound imaging and cytological findings from FNAC in diagnosing thyroid swellings. Methods: A study was carried out on 200 patients with thyroid swellings. Ultrasound examinations assessed eight parameters: internal composition, echogenicity, margins, antero-posterior and transverse ratio, peripheral halo, calcification, internal vascularity, and number of nodules. FNAC was performed under aseptic conditions, and slides were stained and examined to categorize nodules as benign or malignant. The ultrasound parameters’ accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) were computed. Results: Of the 200 cases, 75% were benign, and 25% were malignant on cytology. Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound parameters varied, with calcification showing the highest sensitivity (88%) and margins the highest specificity (72%). Combining multiple ultrasound features improved overall diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that while individual ultrasound parameters provide valuable diagnostic information, combining multiple features significantly enhances the accuracy of differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules. Ultrasound, complemented by FNAC, remains integral to the diagnostic process. Recommendations: Future studies should focus on integrating advanced imaging techniques and artificial intelligence to further improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce inter-observer variability. Clinicians should adopt a multidisciplinary approach, considering combined radiological and cytological data for optimal patient management.
Abstract (English)
Background: Thyroid nodules are frequently encountered in clinical practice, with the challenge of accurately distinguishing benign from malignant nodules. Ultrasound (US) and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) are pivotal in this diagnostic process, with recent advancements enhancing their diagnostic accuracy. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between various radiological parameters observed in ultrasound imaging and cytological findings from FNAC in diagnosing thyroid swellings. Methods: A study was carried out on 200 patients with thyroid swellings. Ultrasound examinations assessed eight parameters: internal composition, echogenicity, margins, antero-posterior and transverse ratio, peripheral halo, calcification, internal vascularity, and number of nodules. FNAC was performed under aseptic conditions, and slides were stained and examined to categorize nodules as benign or malignant. The ultrasound parameters’ accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) were computed. Results: Of the 200 cases, 75% were benign, and 25% were malignant on cytology. Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound parameters varied, with calcification showing the highest sensitivity (88%) and margins the highest specificity (72%). Combining multiple ultrasound features improved overall diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that while individual ultrasound parameters provide valuable diagnostic information, combining multiple features significantly enhances the accuracy of differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules. Ultrasound, complemented by FNAC, remains integral to the diagnostic process. Recommendations: Future studies should focus on integrating advanced imaging techniques and artificial intelligence to further improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce inter-observer variability. Clinicians should adopt a multidisciplinary approach, considering combined radiological and cytological data for optimal patient management.
Files
IJPCR,Vol16,Issue5,Article286.pdf
Files
(2.2 MB)
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Additional details
Dates
- Accepted
-
2024-05-16
Software
- Repository URL
- https://impactfactor.org/PDF/IJPCR/16/IJPCR,Vol16,Issue5,Article286.pdf
- Development Status
- Active
References
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