CONCEPTS RELATED TO CULTURAL-HISTORICAL TYPES AND "TURKIC CIVI-LIZATIONS" IN LITERATURE

Abstract

The article analyzes the cultural-historical types presented in the book "Russia and Europe" by the Russian philosopher N. Danilevsky, published in 1869, and the concept of civilizations put forward by him. The concepts of O. Spengler and A. Toynbee, discussed in the later periods, as a whole, discussions on this level, ideas related to the concepts of "culture", "civilization", "historical-cultural type", as well as literary addresses and texts, and F.M. Dostoyevsky are referred to. As the main reason why the Turkish historical-cultural type cannot take a proper place in these concepts, the rise of the Slavic historical-cultural type against the background of the Russo-Turkish wars are emphasized.

It is obvious that the Turkish cultural-historical type is not included in the first and subsequent classifications based on the laws and regularities of movement defined by the Russian scientist who had the first role in defining cultural-historical types. Historical facts and various types of evidence are listed to prove this. Although the indicated error was eliminated by the authors of the Eurasian concept of Russian history in the 20s and 30s of the 20th century, it is noted that there is a need for scientific-theoretical confirmation of the existence of the Turkish cultural-historical type and Turkish civilization as an ideological landmark in the historical conditions of the formation of the Union of Turkic States.