A Hospital Based Etiologic Assessment of Vitreous Hemorrhage in Cases Reported to the Outpatient Department of the Hospital

Description

Abstract (English)

Abstract
Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the etiology of vitreous hemorrhage in
cases reported to our tertiary care hospital.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the patients presenting with ocular
complaints presenting to Department of Ophthalmology, Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical
College and Hospital, Gaya,Bihar, India for one year. Institutional Ethical approval was
obtained for the study. Hundred patients were included in the study. Written consent was
taken from all the patients in the study. A thorough history was taken before a methodical eye
examination was performed. The relative afferent pupillary defect, best corrected visual
acuity, neovascularization of the iris, and neovascularization of the angle were recorded.
Results: One hundred patients were enrolled in the study. Out of which, 70 were males and
30 females. The mean age group of overall patients presented with vitreous hemorrhage was
48.90years± SD 18.40 years (range 2-84 years). Unilateral presentation is more than bilateral
(98% vs 2%). Most common presenting complaint of VH in our study was sudden loss of
vision in 48% cases, slowly progressive loss of vision in 30% and floaters in 22% cases. Most
of the patients (52%) presented with VA <1/60- PL (perception of light). 10% presented with
good vision 6/6-6/18. Only 1 patient (1%) presented with no perception of light (NPL). The
most common systemic illness associated was found to be hypertension (40%), diabetes
(22%) and hyperlipidemia (2%). 33% patients had no systemic disease. The most common
etiology of VH was proliferative diabetic retinopathy in 25% of cases followed by retinal
vasculitis in 20%. The third most common etiology was closed globe injuries in 12% of
cases.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the common reason for an unexpected, painless loss of
vision is a vitreous hemorrhage. Bilateral involvement is less typical than unilateral
involvement. In younger age groups, retinal vasculitis (Eales' disease) and ocular trauma are
the most frequent causes of vitreous hemorrhage, whereas, in older populations, proliferative
diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein blockage, posterior vitreous detachment, and retinal tear are
the most frequent causes