Published December 31, 2011 | Version v1
Journal article Open

Mixture formation in a partially stratified directly injected natural gas engine

Authors/Creators

Description

Shield, Malcolm (2011): Mixture formation in a partially stratified directly injected natural gas engine. Acarologia 51 (2): 237-250, DOI: 10.14288/1.0072272, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.14288/1.0072272

Files

source.pdf

Files (1.6 MB)

Name Size Download all
md5:720cee1c5e30bb8094200b7587d1eca6
1.6 MB Preview Download

Linked records

Additional details

Identifiers

LSID
urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:720CEE1C5E30FF8094200B75FFD1FFA6

References

  • Abrahamson W.G., Hunter M.D., Melika G., Price P.W. 2003 - Cynipid gall-wasp communities correlate with oak chemistry - J. Chem. Ecol., 29: 209-223. doi:10.1023/A:1021993017237
  • Adams J.M., Rehill B., Zhang Y., Gower J. 2009 - A test of the latitudinal defense hypothesis: herbivory, tannins and total phenolics in four North American tree species - Ecol. Res., 24(3): 697-704. doi:10.1007/s11284-008-0541-x
  • Amrine J.W., Manson D.C. 1996 - Preparation, mounting and descriptive study of eriophyoid mites - In: Lindquist E.E, Sabelis M.W., Bruin J. (Eds). Eriophyoid Mites. Their biology, natural enemies and control. Amsterdam: Elsevier Sci. Publ. p. 383-396. doi:10.1016/S1572-4379(96)80023-6
  • Appel H.M. 1993 - Phenolics in ecological interactions: the importance of oxidation - J. Chem. Ecol., 19: 1521-1552. doi:10.1007/BF00984895
  • Ayres M.P., Clausen T.P., Maclean S.F., Redman A.M., Reichardt P.B. 1997 - Diversity of structure and antiherbivore activity in condensed tannins - Ecology, 78: 1696-1712.
  • Balasubramanian M., Purushothaman D. 1972a - Indole acetic acid in the eriophyid mite gall on Pongamia glabra Vent. caused by Eriophyes cherianii Massee (Eriophyidae: Acarina) - Labdev. J. Sci. Tech., 10-B(3-4): 172-173.
  • Balasubramanian M., Purushothaman D. 1972b - Phenols in healthy and galled leaves of Pongamia glabra Vent. caused by an eriophyid mite, Eriophyes cherianii Massee (Eriophyidae: Acarina) - Ind. J. Exp. Biol., 10: 394-395.
  • Barbehenn R.V., Walker A.C., Uddin F. 2003 - Antioxidants in the midgut fluids of a tannin-tolerant and a tannin-sensitive caterpillar: effects of seasonal changes in tree leaves - J. Chem. Ecol., 29: 1099-1116. doi:10.1023/A:1023873321494
  • Behrens A., Maie N., Knicker H., Kogel-Knabner I. 2003 - MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and PSD fragmentation as means for the analysis of condensed tannins in plant leaves and needles - Phytochem., 62: 1159- 1170.
  • Bernays E.A., Chapman R.F. 1994 - Host-plant selection by phytophagous insects - New York: Chapman and Hall, Inc. pp. 312.
  • Boczek J. 1961 - Badania nad roztoczami z rodziny Eriophyidae (Szpecielowate) w Polsce - Pr. Nauk. IOR, 3(2): 5-85.
  • Brattstein L.B. 1992 - Metabolic defenses against plant allelochemicals - In: Rosenthal G.A., Berenbaum M.R. (Eds). Herbivores: Their interactions with secondary plant metabolites, 2E Vol. II: Evolutionary and Ecological Process. San Diego, California: Academic Press Inc. p. 175-242.
  • Buchta I., Kula E., Krestanpolova M. 2006 - Occurrence variations and spatial distribution patterns of Eriophyes tiliae (Pgst.) (Acari, Eriophyidae) subspecies in the urban environment - J. Forest Sci., 52(12): 547- 555.
  • Castagnoli M., Lewandowski M., Labanowski G.S., Simoni S., Soika G.M. 2010 - An insight into some relevant aspects concerning eriophyoid mites inhabiting forests, ornamental trees and shrubs - Exp. Appl. Acarol., 51(1-3): 169-189. doi:10.1007/s10493-009-9313-8
  • Cornell H.V. 1983 - The secondary chemistry and complex morphology of galls formed by the Cynipidae (Hymenoptera): why and how? - Am. Midl. Nat., 110: 225-234. doi:10.2307/2425263
  • Czeczuga B. 1975 - The carotenoid content of galls produced by Eriophyes tiliae var. Rudis Nal. (Acarina) on Tilia cordata Mill. Leaves - Marcella, 38: 223-225.
  • Elbanowska A., Napierala A. 1989 - Antocyjany w owocach Aronia melanocarpa - Herb. Pol., 35: 188-189.
  • Elliger C.A., Chan B.C., Waiss A.C. Jr. 1980 - Flavonoids as larval growth inhibitors - Naturwissenschaften, 67: 358-360.
  • Feeny P. 1976 - Plant appearance and chemical defense - Rec. Adv. Phytochem., 10: 1-40.
  • Fuleki T., Francis J. 1968 - Quantitative methods for anthocyanins. Determination of total anthocyanin and degradation index for cranberry juice - J. Food Sci., 33: 72-77. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1968.tb00887.x
  • Hagerman A.E., Butler L.G. 1994 - Assay of condensed tannins or flavonoid oligomers and related flavonoids in plants - Meth. Enzymol., 234: 429-437. doi:10.1016/0076-6879(94)34113-3
  • Hagerman A.E., Robbins C.T. 1987 - Implications of soluble tannin-protein complexes for tannin analysis and plant defence mechanisms - J. Chem. Ecol., 13: 1243- 1259. doi:10.1007/BF01020552
  • Harborne J.B. 2000 - Arsenal for survival: secondary plant products - Taxon., 49: 435-449.
  • Harborne J.B., Grayer R.J. 1994 - Flavonoids and insects - In: Harborne J.B. (Ed). The Flavonoids, Advances in Research Since 1986. London: Chapman and Hall. p. 589-618.
  • Harborne J.B., Williams C.A. 2000 - Advances in flavonoid research since 1992 - Phytochem., 55: 481- 504.
  • Hartley S.E. 1998 - The chemical composition of plant galls: are levels of nutrients and secondary compounds controlled by the gall-former? - Oecologia, 113: 492-501. doi:10.1007/s004420050401
  • Hartley S.E. 1999 - Are gall insect large rhizobia? - Oikos, 84: 333-342. doi:10.2307/3546731
  • Haslam E. 1974 - Polyphenol-protein interactions - Biochem. J., 139: 285-288.
  • Heil M., Baumann B., Andary C., Linsenmair K.E., McKey D. 2002 - Extraction and quantification of "condensed tannins" as a measure of plant anti-herbivore defence? Revisiting an old problem - Naturwissenschaften, 89(11): 519-524.
  • Hernandez I., Alegre L., Van Breusegem F., Munne-Bosch S. 2009 - How relevant are flavonoids as antioxidants in plants? - Trends Plant Sci., 14(3): 125-132. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2008.12.003
  • Ishaaya I., Sternlicht M. 1969 - Growth accelarators and inhibitors in lemon buds infested by Aceria sheldoni (Ewing) (Acarina: Eriophyidae) - J. Exp. Bot., 20(4): 796-804. doi:10.1093/jxb/20.4.796
  • Johnson K.S. 2005 - Plant phenolics behave as radical scavengers in the context of insect (Manduca sexta) hemolymph and midgut fluid - J. Agric. Food Chem., 53(26): 10120-10126. doi:10.1021/jf051942w
  • Johnson K.S., Felton G.W. 2001 - Plant phenolics as dietary antioxidants for herbivorous insects: a test with genetically modified tobacco - J. Chem. Ecol., 27: 2579-2597. doi:10.1023/A:1013691802028
  • Kane N.A., Jones C.S., Vuorisalo T. 1997 - Development of galls of Alnus glutinosa and Alnus incana (Betulaceae) caused by the eriophyid mite Eriophyes laevis (Nalepa) - Int. J. Plant Sci., 158(1): 13-23. doi:10.1086/297409
  • Kielkiewicz M., Tomczyk A., Sahajdak A., Boczek J. 1997 - Population level of eriophyoid mites in relation to chemical composition of some weed plants growing under industrial pollution - Prog. Plant Prot., 37(2): 61-64.
  • Kozlowski J. 1998 - Factors determining susceptibility and response of apple tree cultivars to the apple rust mite Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa). Rozpr. Nauk. IOR2 - Poznan: Wydawnictwo IOR. pp. 119.
  • Larew H.G. 1982 - A comparative anatomical study of galls caused by the major cecidogenic groups, with special emphasis on nutritive tissue [Ph.d. Thesis] - Cornvallis: Oregon State Univ. pp. 392.
  • Makkar H.P.S. 2003 - Effects and fate of tannins in ruminant animals, adaptation to tannins, and strategies to overcome detrimental effects of feeding tannin-rich feeds - Small Rum. Res. 49: 241-256.
  • Mittler R. 2002 - Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance - Trends Plant Sci., 7(9): 405-410. doi:10.1016/S1360-1385(02)02312-9
  • Mittler R., Vanderauwera S., Gollery M., van Breusegem F. 2004 - Reactive oxygen gene network of plants - Trends Plant Sci., 9(10): 490-498. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2004.08.009
  • Mound L. 1994 - Thrips and gall induction: a search for patterns - In: Williams M.A.J. (Ed). Plant Galls Oxford: Clarendon Press. p.131-149.
  • Nyman T., Julkunen-Titto R.R. 2000 - Manipulation of the phenolic chemistry of willows by gall-inducing saw-flies - PNAS, 97: 13184-13187.
  • Ossipov V., Haukioja E., Ossipova S., Hanhimaki S., Pihlaja K. 2001 - Phenolic and phenolic-related factors as determinants of suitability of mountain birch leaves to an herbivorous insect - Biochem. Syst. Ecol., 29: 223- 240. doi:10.1016/S0305-1978(00)00069-7
  • Petanovi´c R., Kielkiewicz M. 2010 - Plant-eriophyoid mite interactions: cellular biochemistry and metabolic responses induced in mite-injured plant. Part I - Exp. Appl. Acarol., 51: 61-80. doi:10.1007/s10493- 010-9351-2
  • Polish Pharmacopoeia VI. 2002 - Warszawa: Polskie Towarzystwo Farmaceutyczne. p. 150-151.
  • Reed J.D. 1995 - Nutritional toxicology of tannins and related polyphenols in forage legumes - J. Anim. Sci., 73(5): 1516-1528.
  • Rosenthal G.A., Berenbaum M.R. 1992 - Herbivores. Their interactions with secondary metabolites - San Diego California: Academic Press, Inc. pp. 493.
  • Schofield P., Mbugua D.M., Pell A.N. 2001 - Analysis of condensed tannins: a review - Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 91: 21-40. doi:10.1016/S0377-8401(01)00228-0
  • Schoonhoven L.M., van Loon J.J.A., Dicke M. 2005 - Insect-Plant Biology - Oxford New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 421.
  • Shi A., Tomczyk A. 2001 - Impact of feeding of eriophyid mite Epitrimerus gibbosus (Nalepa) (Acari: Eriophyoidea) on some biochemical components of blackberry (Rubus spp.) - Bull. Polish Acad. Sci. Biol. Sci., 49 (1): 41-47.
  • Simmonds M.S.J. 2001 - Importance of flavonoids in insect-plant interactions: feeding and oviposition - Phytochem., 56: 245-252.
  • Simmonds M.S.J. 2003 - Flavonoid-insect interactions: recent advances in our knowledge - Phytochem., 64(1): 21-30.
  • Skrzypczynska M. 1999 - Studies on insects and mites causing galls on the leaves of lime tree Tilia cordata Mill. in the Ojcow National Park in Poland - J. Pest Sci., 72: 12-14.
  • Slansky F., Jr. 1992 - Allelochemical-nutrient interactions in herbivore nutritional ecology - In: Rosenthal G.A., Berenbaum M.R. (Eds). Herbivores: Their interactions with secondary plant metabolites 2E(II): Evolutionary and Ecological Process. San Diego California: Academic Press, Inc. p.135-174.
  • Smith C.M. 2005 - Plant resistance to arthropods. Molecular and Conventional Approaches - Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer. pp. 423. doi:10.1007/1-4020- 3702-3
  • Soika G. 2006 - Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) occurring on lime trees in ornamental nurseries - Biological Lett., 43(2): 367-373.
  • Soika G. 2007 - Eriophyoid mites from Eriophyes genus occurring on lime trees in parks - Prog. Plant Prot., 47(1): 374-377.
  • Soika G., Kielkiewicz M. 2004 - Occurrence of Phytoptus tetratrichus (Nalepa) (Acari: Eriophyoidea) and differences in morphology of leaf galls on two linden species - Phytophaga, XIV: 615-622.
  • Soika G., Kozak M. 2011 - Problems with the taxonomy of Phytoptus tetratrichus Nalepa, 1890 (Acari: Eriophyoidea) inhabiting Tilia species: Analysis based on morphological variations among individuals - (Zootaxa, in press).
  • Spychala P., Skoracka A., Kuczy ´nski L. 2005 - Distribution of galls caused by eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) on Tilia cordata - Prog. Plant Prot., 45(2): 1103-1104.
  • Sroka Z., Belz J. 2009 - Antioxidant activity of hydrolyzed and non-hydrolyzed extracts of the inflorescence of linden (Tiliae inflorescentia) - Adv. Clin. Exp. Med., 18(4): 329-335.
  • Stafford H. 1988 - Proanthocyanidins and the lignin connection - Phytochem., 27(1): 1-6.
  • Tandon P. 1985 - Peroxidase-catalyzed IAA-oxidation in presence of cofactors and auxin protectors isolated from Eriophyes incited Zizyphus gall tissue - Cecid. Int., 6(1-3): 69-81.
  • Tandon P., Arya H.C. 1980 - Presence of auxin protectors in Eriophyes induced Zizyphus stem galls - Experientia, 36(8): 958-959.
  • Taper M.L, Zimmerman E.M., Case T.J. 1986 - Source of mortality for a cynipid gall-wasps (Dryocosmus dubiosus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae): The importance of tannin/fungus interaction - Oecologia, 68: 437-445.
  • Taper M.L., Case T.J. 1987 - Interaction between oak tannins and parasite community structure: unexpected benefits of tannins to cynipid gall-wasps - Oecologia, 71: 254-261.
  • Thomsen J. 1975 - Development and histology of galls on Tilia platyphylla caused by Eriophyes tiliae tiliae - Bot. Tidsskr., 69(4): 262-270.
  • Thomsen J. 1988 - Feeding behavior of Eriophyes tiliae tiliae Pgst. and suction track in the nutritive cells of the galls caused by mites - Ent. Meddr., 56(2): 73-78.
  • Toker G., Aslam M., Zesilada E., Memisolu M., Ito S. 2001 - Comparative evaluation of the flavonoid content in officinal Tiliae flos and Turkish lime species for quality assessment - J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 26: 111-121. doi:10.1016/S0731-7085(01)00351-X
  • Tomczyk A., Boczek J. 2006 - Physiological and biochemical changes in tree leaves infested by some eriophyoid mites (Acari: Eriophyoidea) - In: Gabrys G., Ignatowicz S. (Eds). Advances in Polish Acarology. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo SGGW. p. 413-419.
  • Weglarz Z., El-Ansari M.A., Ali M.S., Skiba A. 2000 - Phenolic constituents from lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) inflorescences - Ann. Warsaw Agr. Univ., 21: 29-34.
  • Westphal E., Bronner R., Drager F. 1996 - Host plant resistance - In: Lindquist E.E., Sabelis M.W., Bruin J.
  • (Eds). Eriophyoid Mites. Their biology, natural enemies and control. Amsterdam: Elsevier Sci. Publ. pp. 681-688. doi:10.1016/S1572-4379(96)80046-7
  • Zalacain A., Prodanov M., Carmona M., Alonso G. L. 2003 - Optimisation of extraction and identification of gallotannins from sumac leaves - Biosyst. Eng., 84(2): 211-216.
  • Zucker W.V. 1982 - How aphids choose leaves: the role of phenolics in host selection by a galling aphid - Ecol., 63: 972-981.