Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, its Causes and it's Maternal and Fetal Effect, A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital

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Abstract (English)

Abstract
Background: various degrees ofabnormalities in glucose tolerance during pregnancy detected for the first time
is known as GDM. Global prevalence of GDM is gradually increasing, particularly in developing countries such
as India, where GDM has become one of the major chronic diseases endangering women's health. Poor
glycemic control during pregnancy not only harms the mother but also the new born.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of pregnant women, specifically those who gave birth in an obstetric ward of
Hi-tech medical college and hospital, Bhubaneswar, was performed in this article. A case group and a control
group of pregnant women who met the diagnotic criteria for GDM were chosen for a controlled study. From
January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020,1,038 pregnant women were admitted to a tertiary hospital's obstetric
ward for delivery and 965 pregnant women who were eventually included in the study. Case and control groups
were chosen. The case group consisted of all 125 pregnant women who met the diagnostic criteria for GDM,
while the control group consisted of all 840 pregnant women who gave birth at the same time but did not have
GDM and met the inclusion criteria. This study used a retrospective analysis method to collect data on the
relevant conditions of pregnant women in both case and control groups in order to investigate the risk factors for
GDM and pregnancy outcomes.
Results: Out of the 1038 number of pregnant women one hundred twenty-five pregnant women were diagnosed
with gestational diabetes and the incidence rate was 12.04%. Comparing the blood glucose levels of pregnant
women between the case and control, the average fasting blood glucose level of 75gOGTT was 4.8343±0.4338
mmol/L in the case group and (4.3775±0.3688) mmol/L in the control group. Which is statistically significant.
In this paper we considered the following risk factors: body mass index before pregnancy, age, weight gain
during pregnancy, and family history of diabetes, comparison of which is statistically significant. Out of 204, 27
preterm births, with an incidence rate of 13.27%, are including 12 cases in the case group and 15 cases in the
control group; 7 cases of premature rupture of membranes, with an incidence rate of 3.43%, including 3 cases in
the case group and 4 cases in the control group. Similarly hypertension, preterm delivery, polyhydramneous,
IUGR, Macrosomia, PPH, congenital anomally are also studied and found significant.
Conclusion: It is very important to understand the effects of GDM on pregnancy. And the understanding of the
risk factors and their impact on pregnancy and it’s outcome, strengthen the attention of pregnant women to
GDM. Correct guidance and age-appropriate pregnancy are important for the health of mothers and children