PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND NEPHROPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA FRUIT EXTRACT

The present study was undertaken to scientifically evaluate the nephroprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of fruit pulps of Phyllanthus emblica. The phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of carbohydrate, alkaloids, flavanoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, phenols and anthroquinone in EEPE.The administration of cisplatin during experimentation is effectively induced apoptosis and necrosis, which was similar to acute renal failure in human. Therefore, it is an effective and an ideal model for nephrotoxicity research.  The evaluation of renal parameters on nephrotoxic rats with EEPE showed significantly elevate the attenuated body weight, urine volume, creatinine clearance and significantly reduce in elevated serum creatinine level, which supports its Nephroprotective activity. The cisplatin induced rats showed elevated levels of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and lipid peroxidation parameter like malondialdehyde (MDA) which was significantly decreased with treatment of EEPE, which proves it having Nephroprotective activity.  The Nephrotoxic rats also showed the reduced levels of enzymatic antioxidant like sulphoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidise (GPx) and Catalase (CAT), and non-enzymatic antioxidant like Reduced glutathione (GSH), which was significantly increased with treatment of EEPE, which showed its antioxidant activity due to the Flavonoids which is present in the extract.   Histopathological studies on isolated kidney revealed that the EEPE, reversed the kidney damage and also restored normal kidney architecture.  The fruit pulp of Phyllanthus emblica in an ethanolic extract showed statistically significant nephroprotective activity.

Key words: Phytochemical Screening, Nephroprotective Activity, Phyllanthus emblica , Fruit Extract, Cisplatin Induced Nephrotoxicity.