Published December 30, 2023 | Version v1
Journal article Open

An Institutional Study of Pancytopenia in Children

  • 1. Assistant Professor, Department of Paediatrics, Nalanda Medical College, Patna, Bihar, India
  • 2. Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Nalanda Medical College, Patna, Bihar, India

Description

Abstract
Background: The differential diagnosis of Pancytopenia varies according to the geographical distribution and
still remains a diagnostic dilemma for the Pathologist and the Paediatrician both. The condition is reversible and
easily treatable if identified early.
Aim: To study the clinical and haematological profile of children presenting with pancytopenia and to evaluate
the causes in our setting.
Material and Methods: The present study was carried out in the Department of Pathology and Paediatrics of a
tertiary care hospital in North India from January 2022 to June 2023. Total 61 cases of children with
pancytopenia were subjected to bone marrow aspiration after routine haematological investigations (like
Complete Blood Count) including peripheral blood smear examination (PBS).
Results: The present study comprised of 61 children in the age group of 2 years to 14 years. Megaloblastic
anemia was the commonest cause of pancytopenia and responsible for 38 cases (62.3%). Acute lymphoblastic
leukaemia accounted for about 07 cases (11.5%). Aplastic anemia was responsible for 06 cases (9.8%). Kalaazar, Malaria, Disseminated tuberculosis and Enteric fever accounted for about 6.6%. 4.9%, 3.3% and 1.6%
cases respectively.
Conclusion: Bone marrow aspiration is crucial to arrive at a diagnosis of pancytopenia. Even in the absence of a
final diagnosis, BMA can help the clinician in their approach to diagnosis and management of the patient.

Abstract (English)

Abstract
Background: The differential diagnosis of Pancytopenia varies according to the geographical distribution and
still remains a diagnostic dilemma for the Pathologist and the Paediatrician both. The condition is reversible and
easily treatable if identified early.
Aim: To study the clinical and haematological profile of children presenting with pancytopenia and to evaluate
the causes in our setting.
Material and Methods: The present study was carried out in the Department of Pathology and Paediatrics of a
tertiary care hospital in North India from January 2022 to June 2023. Total 61 cases of children with
pancytopenia were subjected to bone marrow aspiration after routine haematological investigations (like
Complete Blood Count) including peripheral blood smear examination (PBS).
Results: The present study comprised of 61 children in the age group of 2 years to 14 years. Megaloblastic
anemia was the commonest cause of pancytopenia and responsible for 38 cases (62.3%). Acute lymphoblastic
leukaemia accounted for about 07 cases (11.5%). Aplastic anemia was responsible for 06 cases (9.8%). Kalaazar, Malaria, Disseminated tuberculosis and Enteric fever accounted for about 6.6%. 4.9%, 3.3% and 1.6%
cases respectively.
Conclusion: Bone marrow aspiration is crucial to arrive at a diagnosis of pancytopenia. Even in the absence of a
final diagnosis, BMA can help the clinician in their approach to diagnosis and management of the patient.

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Additional details

Dates

Accepted
2023-11-20