Twenty-eight rare and poorly known lepidopteran species from eleven families are recorded from different regions of Ukraine. Eight species are recorded for the first time: Bucculatrix pannonica Deschka, 1982 (Bucculatricidae); Biselachista serricornis (Stainton, 1854) (Elachistidae); Aplota nigricans (Zeller, 1852) (Oecophoridae); Caulastrocecis pudicella (Mann, 1861), Scrobipalpa soffneri Povolný, 1964, Syncopacma polychromella (Rebel, 1902) (Gelechiidae); Phycita torrenti Agenjo, 1962 (Pyralidae) and Hodebertia testalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Crambidae). The hitherto unknown female of Filatima djakovica Anikin & Piskunov, 1996, femina nova (Gelechiidae) is described based on material from the Kiev region. Caloptilia jailensis sp. n. (Gracillariidae) is described from the mountains of Crimea.