Adhesive Antibacterial Moisturizing Nanostructured Skin Patch for Sustainable Development of Atopic Dermatitis Treatment in Humans

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease with a complex etiology lacking effective treatment. The therapeutic goals include alleviating symptoms such as moisturizing and applying antibacterial and anti-inflammatory medications. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop a patch that effectively alleviates most of the AD symptoms. In this study, we employed a 'green' cross-linking approach of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) using glycerol, and we combined it with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) to fabricate core-shell (CS) nanofibers through electrospinning. Our designed structure offers multiple benefits as the core ensures controlled drug release and increases the strength of the patch, while the shell provides skin moisturizing and exudate absorption. The efficient PVA cross-linking method facilitates the inclusion of sensitive molecules like fermented oils. In vitro studies demonstrate the patches' exceptional biocompatibility and efficacy in minimizing cell ingrowth into the CS structure containing argan oil, a property highly desirable for easy removal of the patch. Histological examinations conducted on an ex vivo model showed the non-irritant properties of developed patches. Furthermore, the eradication of Staphylococcus Aureus bacteria confirms the potential use of CS nanofibers loaded with argan oil and norfloxacin separately as an antibacterial patch for infected AD wounds. In vivo patch application studies on patients, including one with atopic dermatitis, demonstrated ideal patches' moisturizing effect. This innovative approach shows significant promise in enhancing life quality for AD sufferers by improving skin hydration and avoiding infections.