Bison bison
Authors/Creators
Description
Bison bison (Linnaeus 1758)
[Bos] bison Linnaeus 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1: 72.
Type Locality: "Habitat in Mexico, Florida"; identified as " Mexico " by Thomas (1911 a:154); restricted to USA, C Kansas, "Quivera" by Hershkovitz (1957 b); redesignated as USA, E New Mexico, Canadian River valley by McDonald (1981:62).
Vernacular Names: American Bison.
Distribution: Formerly NW and C Canada, south through USA, to Chihuahua, Coahuila (Mexico). Exterminated in the wild except in Yellowstone Park, Wyoming (USA) and Wood Buffalo Park, Northwest Territory (Canada). Reintroduced widely within native range and in C Alaska.
Conservation: CITES – Appendix II as B. b. athabascae; U.S. ESA – Endangered in Canada as B. b. athabascae; IUCN – Lower Risk (cd).
Discussion: Reviewed by Meagher (1986, Mammalian Species, 266). Bison bison athabascae treated as a distinct taxon by Geist and Karsten (1977) and Van Zyll de Jong (1986), and assigned to † B. priscus by Flerov (1979), but regarded as an ecotype by Geist (1991).
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Scientific name authorship
- Linnaeus
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Chordata
- Order
- Artiodactyla
- Family
- Bovidae
- Genus
- Bison
- Species
- bison
- Taxon rank
- species
- Taxonomic concept label
- Bison bison (Linnaeus, 1758) sec. Wilson & Reeder, 2005
References
- Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp.
- Thomas, O. 1911 a. The mammals of the tenth edition of Linnaeus; an attempt to fix the types of the genera and the exact bases and localities of the species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1911: 120 - 158.
- Hershkovitz, P. 1957 b. The type locality of Bison bison Linnaeus. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 70: 31 - 32.
- McDonald, J. N. 1981. North American bison, their classification and evolution. University of California Press, Berkeley, 316 pp.
- Meagher, M. 1986. Bison bison. Mammalian Species, 266: 1 - 8.
- Geist, V., and P. Karsten. 1977. The wood bison (Bison bison athabascae Rhoads) in relation to hypotheses on the origin of the American bison (Bison bison Linnaeus). Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 42: 119 - 127.
- van Zyll de Jong, C. G. 1986. A systematic study of Recent bison, with particular consideration of the wood bison (Bison bison athabascae Rhoads 1898). Publications in Natural Sciences, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Canada, 6: 1 - 69.
- Flerov, C. C. 1979. Sistematika i evolyutsiya [Systematics and evolution]. Pp. 9 - 127, in Zubr: Morfologiya, sistematika, evolyutsiya, ekologiya [European bison: Morphology, systematics, evolution, ecology] (V. E. Sokolov, ed.). Nauka, Moscow, 495 pp. (in Russian).
- Geist, V. 1991. Phantom subspecies: The wood bison Bison bison " athabascae " Rhoads, 1897 is not a taxon but an ecotype. Arctic, 44: 287 - 300.