Optimization of Calcium Oxide in Water Softening Process

Water is an essential resource that sustains all life forms and plays a fundamental role in economic development. Hard water, containing high levels of calcium and magnesium ions, poses significant water quality problems worldwide. This study aims to optimize the use of calcium oxide in the water-softening process. Water samples were collected from three different LGAs: Irele, Odigbo, and Okitipupa. The samples were analyzed to evaluate the effects of quicklime dose, reaction time, and mixing speed on critical water quality parameters such as pH, alkalinity, and calcium carbonate hardness. By identifying the optimal combination of these factors, the treatment process aimed to efficiently soften water while minimizing resource usage and environmental impacts. After systematic experimentation and data analysis, the optimal conditions were determined to be a quicklime dose of 221.04 mg/L, reaction time of 36 minutes, and mixing speed of 43 rpm. These conditions effectively improved water quality by raising the pH to 6.7, reducing alkalinity to 447.3 mg/L, and decreasing calcium carbonate hardness to 157.2 mg/L. The study highlights the importance of balancing these parameters to efficiently soften water while minimizing chemical and energy consumption, promoting an environmentally conscious approach.