A Study of Association Between Fundus Changes and S Lipid Profile in Patients of Essential Hypertension
Authors/Creators
- 1. Senior Resident, Department of Opthalmology, JLNMCH Bhagalpur Bihar
- 2. Assistant Professor, Department of Opthalmology, JLNMCH, Bhagalpur, Bihar
Description
Background: People with essential hypertension, a form of cardiovascular disease, frequently experience end-organ injury, such as retinal abnormalities. There is a substantial correlation between dyslipidemia and essential hypertension. The relationship between alterations in the fundus and a person’s lipid profile in Bhagalpur patients with essential hypertension is not fully understood at this time. Methods: The aim of this research was to examine the connection between fundus alterations and lipid profile in Bhagalpur residents who have been diagnosed with essential hypertension. The study was conducted between October 2020 to May 2021.Patients with essential hypertension were called from area hospitals and clinics for this cross-sectional study. Retinal alterations were evaluated via fundus examinations, and lipid profile variables were analysed per protocol in the lab. The potential relationship between fundus alterations and lipid profile was investigated using statistical methods including correlational analysis and multivariate regression. Results: Two hundred individuals diagnosed with essential hypertension (mean age of 55,6 years; 60% men, 40% women) participated in the study. Upon examination of the fundus, abnormalities including cotton-wool patches, arterial constriction, arteriovenous nicking, and haemorrhage were observed on the retina. Other modifications included patches of cotton fibre. 75% of the participants displayed retinal alterations characteristic of hypertensive retinopathy. Significantly elevated levels of total cholesterol (mean 230 mg/dL, standard deviation 40 mg/dL), triglycerides (mean 180 mg/dL, standard deviation 30 mg/dL), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mean 160 mg/dL, standard deviation 25 mg/dL) were indicative of dyslipidemia in a substantial number of patients. Higher total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were associated with more severe retinal abnormalities (p 0.001 for all three variables). Even after controlling for parameters such as age, gender, and blood pressure, the multivariate regression analysis revealed a significant (p 0.05) independent association between fundus changes and lipid profile. Conclusion: According to our results, fundus alterations are strongly linked to lipid profile in Bhagalpur patients with essential hypertension. The need of a thorough examination and therapy strategy addressing both symptoms of hypertension and dyslipidemia is highlighted by the occurrence of retinal abnormalities in these patients. The risk of cardiovascular problems from essential hypertension may be reduced or avoided altogether with early detection and treatment. To better understand the mechanisms at play here and assess the clinical consequences over the long run, more study is needed.
Abstract (English)
Background: People with essential hypertension, a form of cardiovascular disease, frequently experience end-organ injury, such as retinal abnormalities. There is a substantial correlation between dyslipidemia and essential hypertension. The relationship between alterations in the fundus and a person’s lipid profile in Bhagalpur patients with essential hypertension is not fully understood at this time. Methods: The aim of this research was to examine the connection between fundus alterations and lipid profile in Bhagalpur residents who have been diagnosed with essential hypertension. The study was conducted between October 2020 to May 2021.Patients with essential hypertension were called from area hospitals and clinics for this cross-sectional study. Retinal alterations were evaluated via fundus examinations, and lipid profile variables were analysed per protocol in the lab. The potential relationship between fundus alterations and lipid profile was investigated using statistical methods including correlational analysis and multivariate regression. Results: Two hundred individuals diagnosed with essential hypertension (mean age of 55,6 years; 60% men, 40% women) participated in the study. Upon examination of the fundus, abnormalities including cotton-wool patches, arterial constriction, arteriovenous nicking, and haemorrhage were observed on the retina. Other modifications included patches of cotton fibre. 75% of the participants displayed retinal alterations characteristic of hypertensive retinopathy. Significantly elevated levels of total cholesterol (mean 230 mg/dL, standard deviation 40 mg/dL), triglycerides (mean 180 mg/dL, standard deviation 30 mg/dL), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mean 160 mg/dL, standard deviation 25 mg/dL) were indicative of dyslipidemia in a substantial number of patients. Higher total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were associated with more severe retinal abnormalities (p 0.001 for all three variables). Even after controlling for parameters such as age, gender, and blood pressure, the multivariate regression analysis revealed a significant (p 0.05) independent association between fundus changes and lipid profile. Conclusion: According to our results, fundus alterations are strongly linked to lipid profile in Bhagalpur patients with essential hypertension. The need of a thorough examination and therapy strategy addressing both symptoms of hypertension and dyslipidemia is highlighted by the occurrence of retinal abnormalities in these patients. The risk of cardiovascular problems from essential hypertension may be reduced or avoided altogether with early detection and treatment. To better understand the mechanisms at play here and assess the clinical consequences over the long run, more study is needed.
Files
IJPCR,Vol15,Issue11,Article5.pdf
Files
(316.7 kB)
| Name | Size | Download all |
|---|---|---|
|
md5:aa7d42d638a671e34952f2ed2e699769
|
316.7 kB | Preview Download |
Additional details
Dates
- Accepted
-
2023-10-30
Software
- Repository URL
- https://impactfactor.org/PDF/IJPCR/15/IJPCR,Vol15,Issue11,Article5.pdf
- Development Status
- Active
References
- 1. K. Mahapatro, S. Chandrika, and R. Chepuru, A study of lipid profile abnormalities among patients with essential hypertension attending Tertiary Care Centre, International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research [IJCMR], 2020;7:1. 2. S. Devendra A and M. Sneha C, Fundus changes in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension and its association with fetal outcome in Western India, Global Journal For Research Analysis, 2021;15–18. 3. Verma, K. Verma, and A. Shastri, Establishing an association between pregnancy-induced hypertension changes in the fundus and fetal outcomes, International journal of health sciences, 2022;1613–1620. 4. K. Alattaset al., Relation between lipid profile, blood pressure and retinopathy in diabetic patients in King Abdulaziz University Hospital: A retrospective record review study, International Journal of Retina and Vitreous, 2022; 8:1. 5. Y. Zhang, J. He, and X. Bai, Observation on serum bilirubin in Kazak patients with essential hypertension, International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Research, 2022; 6(4): 465–468. 6. R. R. Parikh, A. U. Gandhi, and S. K. Trivedi, "Microalbuminuria as a predictor of cardiovascular morbidity in essential hypertensive patients: Research study done at Tertiary Care Centre in Western India," International Journal of Advances in Medicine, 2021; 8(8): 1137. 7. R. Gong, R. Han, J. Guo, W. Liu, and G. Xu, Quantitative evaluation of hard exudates in diabetic macular edema by multicolor imaging and their associations with serum lipid levels, Acta Diabetologica, 2021; 58(9) 1161–1167. 8. H. Wu, Z. Yu, and Q. Huang, Characteristics of serum lipid levels in patients with hypertension: A hospital-based retrospective descriptive study, BMJ Open, 2022; 12(6). 9. K. Chandra, Association between fasting sugar level, HbA1C level and serum lipid levels in T2DM patients, Journal of Medical ScienceAnd clinical Research, 2020;08:08. 10. S. Mahto et al., Evaluation of lipoprotein (A) [lp(a)] and lipid abnormalities in patients with newly detected hypertension and its association with severity of hypertension, Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2022; 11(4):1508. 11. N. Alaagib, M. Sukkar, and M. Kardash, The effects of salt and glucose intake on angiotensin II and aldosterone in obese and nonobese patients with essential hypertension, International Journal of Hypertension, 2020; 1–9. 12. M. I. Arain, Interventional study among hypertensive and diabetic patients with high lipids at different hospitals of Hyderabad, Pakistan, Journal of Hypertension, 2019; 37. 13. S. Kajla Singh, D. Raseena, and B. Chandrasekaran, Study of association between hypertensive retinopathy and various lipid PARAMATERS in patients of essential hypertension visiting tertiary eye hospital in Southern India, Paripex Indian Journal Of Research, 2022; 43–46. 14. Nikolov, Association between TIMP3/Angiotensin II, profile and cardiac remodeling in patients with essential hypertension and heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction, American Journal of Biomedical Science & Research, 2019; 4(1): 28–31.