Retrospective Analysis of Children Coming for First Eye Check up in a Tertiary Center
Authors/Creators
- 1. Department of Ophthalmology, R. K. Mission Seva Pratishthan, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, 99 Sarat Bose Road, Kolkata – 700026,West Bengal, India
- 2. Netralayam, RAA - 36, Shree Tower – II, VIP Road, Raghunathpur, Kolkata - 700059, West Bengal, India
Description
Purpose: To detect an ideal age of screening for amblyopia or its risk factors. Method: 500 patients below 16 years of age, who presented at a tertiary eye hospital for their first eye checkup, were included in the study. They were divided according to the age group of ≤ 4 and > 4 years, and ≤ 7 and > 7 years with the aim of detecting an ideal age of screening for amblyopia. Result: Mean age at presentation was 5.24 ± 3.58 years (standard deviation; SD). Though 75 patients were asymptomatic, ocular abnormalities were found in 30 (40%) of them. In the whole group of 500, abnormalities were found in 350 children (70%). Spectacles were prescribed in 218 (43.6%) patients with mean age of 6.07 ± 3.09 (SD) years. Total number of amblyopic children was 38 (7.6%) with mean age of 5.98 ± 3.41 years. In the ≤ 4 years age group, amblyopia was in 9 (23.68%)(mean age 2.13 years) and prescribable refractive error was in 46 (21.1%)(mean age 2.55 years). Mean age of 61 (12.2%) strabismic patients was 4.29 years and 16 (3.2%) pediatric cataract patients were 3.48 years. Conclusion: Significant patients had amblyopia or risk factors for it at a mean age of around 3 years. So the ideal age for first routine eye checkup for all children should be around 3 years.
Abstract (English)
Purpose: To detect an ideal age of screening for amblyopia or its risk factors. Method: 500 patients below 16 years of age, who presented at a tertiary eye hospital for their first eye checkup, were included in the study. They were divided according to the age group of ≤ 4 and > 4 years, and ≤ 7 and > 7 years with the aim of detecting an ideal age of screening for amblyopia. Result: Mean age at presentation was 5.24 ± 3.58 years (standard deviation; SD). Though 75 patients were asymptomatic, ocular abnormalities were found in 30 (40%) of them. In the whole group of 500, abnormalities were found in 350 children (70%). Spectacles were prescribed in 218 (43.6%) patients with mean age of 6.07 ± 3.09 (SD) years. Total number of amblyopic children was 38 (7.6%) with mean age of 5.98 ± 3.41 years. In the ≤ 4 years age group, amblyopia was in 9 (23.68%)(mean age 2.13 years) and prescribable refractive error was in 46 (21.1%)(mean age 2.55 years). Mean age of 61 (12.2%) strabismic patients was 4.29 years and 16 (3.2%) pediatric cataract patients were 3.48 years. Conclusion: Significant patients had amblyopia or risk factors for it at a mean age of around 3 years. So the ideal age for first routine eye checkup for all children should be around 3 years.
Files
IJPCR,Vol16,Issue2,Article189.pdf
Files
(712.8 kB)
| Name | Size | Download all |
|---|---|---|
|
md5:2bff8a70b808af9253517dfd8a9ace11
|
712.8 kB | Preview Download |
Additional details
Dates
- Accepted
-
2024-01-26
Software
- Repository URL
- https://impactfactor.org/PDF/IJPCR/16/IJPCR,Vol16,Issue2,Article189.pdf
- Development Status
- Active
References
- 1. Solebo AL and Rahi JS. Vision Screening in Children: Why and How?. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2014; 21:207-9. 2. Bogdanici ST, Costin D, Bogdanici CM. Quality of life for amblyopic children and their parents. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Lasi 2015; 119:214-20. 3. Jonas DE, Amick HR, Wallace IF. Vision Screening in Children aged 6 Months to 5 Years: evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA 2017; 318:845-58. 4. Toufeeq A, Oram A. School-entry vision screen-ing in UK: practical aspects and outcomes. Oph-thalmic Epidemiol 2014; 21:210– 16. 5. Gudgel D. Eye Screening for Children. AAO Aug. 14, 2014. Available from: https:// www.aao.org/ eye-health/tips-prevention/ children-eye-screening (Accessed on 15.02.2019). 6. Miller JM, Harvey EM. Spectacle prescribing recommendations of AAPOS members. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1998; 35:51-2. 7. Sengpiel F. Plasticity of the Visual Cortex and Treatment of Amblyopia. Curr Biol 2014; 24(18):R936-40. 8. Scheiman MM, Hertle RW, Beck RW, Edwards AR, Birch E, Cotter SA, et al. Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Arch Ophthalmol 2005; 123(4):437–479. Repka MX, Kraker RT, Beck RW, Holmes JM, Cotter SA, Birch EE, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia: follow-up at age 10 years. Arch Ophthalmol 2008; 126(8):1039–44. 10. Holmes JM, Lazar EL, Melia BM, Astle WF, Dagi LR, Donahue SP, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Effect of age on response to amblyopia treatment in children. Arch Ophthalmol 2011; 129(11):1451–57. 11. Beck AD, Chang TCP, Freedman SF. "Definition, Classification, Differential Diagnosis." Child-hood Glaucoma: Consensus Series 9. Weinreb RN et al. Amsterdam: Kugler, 2013. 12. American Academy of Ophthalmology Pediatric Ophthalmology / Strabismus Panel. Preferred Practice Pattern Guidelines. Amblyopia. San Fran-cisco (CA): American Academy of Ophthalmolo-gy; 2012. Available at: http:// www.aao.org/preferred-practice-pattern/ amblyopia-ppp--september-2012. 13. World Health Organization. Global initiative for the elimination of avoidable blindness. Programme for the Prevention of Blindness and Deafness. Geneva: WHO, 1997 (WHO/PBL/97.61). Available at: http://www.who.int/iris/handle/10665/63748. 14. World Health Organization. Preventing blindness in children: report of WHO/IAPB scientific meeting. Programme for the prevention of blind-ness and deafness, and International Agency for Prevention of Blindness. Geneva: WHO, 2000 (WHO/PBL/00.77).Available at: http://www.who.int/iris/handle/10665/66663. 15. Jose R and Sachdeva S. School Eye Screening and the National Program for Control of Blindness. Indian Paediatr 2009; 46:205-8. 16. Bruce A, Pacey IE, Bradbury JA, Scally AJ, Barrett BT. Bilateral Changes in Foveal Structure in Individuals with Amblyopia. Ophthalmology 2013; 120:395-403. 17. Dandona L, Dandona R, Srinivas M, Giridhar P, Vilas K, Prasad MN, et al. Blindness in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001; 42:908–16. 18. Kalikiyavi V, Naduvilath TJ, Bansal AK, Dandona L. Visual impairment in school children in southern India. Indian J Ophthalmol. 1997; 45:129–34. 19. Ganekal S, Jhanji V, Liang Y, Dorairaj S. Prevalence and etiology of amblyopia in Southern In-dia: results from screening of school children aged 5-15 years. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2013; 20:228-31. 20. Dandona R, Dandona L. Childhood blindness in India: a population based perspective. Br J Ophthalmol 2003; 87:263-65. 21. Warkad VU, Panda L, Behera P, Das T, Mohanta BC, Khanna R. The Tribal Odisha Eye Dis-ease Study (TOES) 1: prevalence and causes of visual impairment among tribal children in an ur-ban school in Eastern India. JAAPOS 2018;22:145.e1-145.e6 22. Saxena R, Singh D, Gantyala SP, Aggarwal S, Sachdeva MM and Sharma P. Burden of Ocular Motility Disorders at a Tertiary Care Institution: A Case to Enhance Secondary Level Eye Care. Indian J Community Med 2016; 41(2):103–107. 23. Saxena R, Vashist P, Tandon R, Pandey RM, Bhardawaj A, Menon V, et al. Prevalence of Myo-pia and Its Risk Factors in Urban School Children in Delhi: The North India Myopia Study (NIM Study). PLoS ONE 2015; 10(2). 24. Gupta M, Gupta BP, Chauhan A, Bhardwaj A. Ocular morbidity prevalence among school chil-dren in Shimla, Himachal, North India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2009; 57:133-38. 25. Holmes JM, Leske DA, Burke JP and Hodge DO. Birth prevalence of visually significant infan-tile cataract in a defined U.S. population. Ophthal-mic Epidemiol 2003; 10:67-74. 26. Rahi JS, Dezateux C: British Congenital Cataract Interest Group. Measuring and interpreting the incidence of congenital ocular anomalies: lessons from a national study of congenital cataract in the UK. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001; 42:1444-8. 27. Aponte EP, Diehl N,and Mohney BG. Incidence and Clinical Characteristics of Childhood Glaucoma: A Population-Based Study. Arch Oph-thalmol 2010; 128(4):478-82. 28. Sarvananthan N, Surendran M, Roberts EO, Jain S, Thomas S, Shah N, et al. The Prevalence of Nystagmus: The Leicestershire Nystagmus Survey. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009; 50:5201–6. 29. 29. Williams C, Northstone K, Harrad RA, Sparrow JM, Harvey I. (ALSPAC Study Team). Amblyopia treatment outcomes after screening before or at age 3 years: follow up from randomised trial. BMJ 2002; 324:1549.