Risk factors for complications in bolt-connected external ventricular drains

Background: This study aims to identify risk factors for the main complications following a bolt-connected external ventricular drain (EVD) insertion.

Methods: Single-center cohort study. All patients who underwent bolt-connected EVD placement between March 2015 and February 2024 were included. The complications analyzed were infection, hemorrhage, misplacement, obstruction, and accidental pull-out. The need for EVD replacement was also registered. Univariable and Cox regression multivariable analyses were performed.