A Study on Spectrum of Cytological Patterns in Cervical Pap Smear and Its Clinicodemographic Correlation at A Tertiary Care Centre
Authors/Creators
- 1. Senior Resident, Department of Pathology, Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences Karnataka India
- 2. Assistant professor, Department of Pathology, Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences Karnataka India
Description
Background and Objectives: Cancer of the cervix is an increasing health problem and an important cause of mortality in women worldwide. This study has been undertaken to find out the prevalence of an abnormal Pap smear in a tertiary care centre. Aim of the Study: To evaluate women for non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions using the Pap smear test and to investigate for the surveillance for clinical and demographic correlation. Methods: This was a retrospective and prospective study conducted in the Department of Pathology, HIMS, Hassan from 2012 to July 2022. A total of 3390 women were included in the study. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed in SPSS software. Results: Out of 3390 women included in the study, majority women were in the age group of 35- 45 years (41.9%). Most cases (53%) were from rural area. Majority of the patients were asymptomatic (52.6%), followed by menstrual abnormalities (16.1%) and white discharge (13.7%). NILM-Inflammatory was the most common finding (61.5%), followed by NILM (17.7%). ASCUS, AGUS, ASC-H, LSIL and HSIL were detected in 3.9%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 3.2% and 2.1% respectively. SCC was reported in 1.1% of the study population. NILM, NILM-Inflammatory, ASCUS, AGUS, LSIL, ASC-H and HSIL were more common in the premenopausal age group. Atrophy and SCC were more common in the postmenopausal age group. Conclusion: Pap smear screening procedure is a simple, economical, useful and safe tool in detecting precancerous cervical epithelial lesions. Educational programs and medical camps should be conducted in the community to create awareness about the cervical cancer and its prevention by periodic pap smear examination.
Abstract (English)
Background and Objectives: Cancer of the cervix is an increasing health problem and an important cause of mortality in women worldwide. This study has been undertaken to find out the prevalence of an abnormal Pap smear in a tertiary care centre. Aim of the Study: To evaluate women for non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions using the Pap smear test and to investigate for the surveillance for clinical and demographic correlation. Methods: This was a retrospective and prospective study conducted in the Department of Pathology, HIMS, Hassan from 2012 to July 2022. A total of 3390 women were included in the study. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed in SPSS software. Results: Out of 3390 women included in the study, majority women were in the age group of 35- 45 years (41.9%). Most cases (53%) were from rural area. Majority of the patients were asymptomatic (52.6%), followed by menstrual abnormalities (16.1%) and white discharge (13.7%). NILM-Inflammatory was the most common finding (61.5%), followed by NILM (17.7%). ASCUS, AGUS, ASC-H, LSIL and HSIL were detected in 3.9%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 3.2% and 2.1% respectively. SCC was reported in 1.1% of the study population. NILM, NILM-Inflammatory, ASCUS, AGUS, LSIL, ASC-H and HSIL were more common in the premenopausal age group. Atrophy and SCC were more common in the postmenopausal age group. Conclusion: Pap smear screening procedure is a simple, economical, useful and safe tool in detecting precancerous cervical epithelial lesions. Educational programs and medical camps should be conducted in the community to create awareness about the cervical cancer and its prevention by periodic pap smear examination.
Files
IJPCR,Vol16,Issue2,Article59.pdf
Files
(499.1 kB)
| Name | Size | Download all |
|---|---|---|
|
md5:b24ab163bab89fd914d01b7245d2b338
|
499.1 kB | Preview Download |
Additional details
Dates
- Accepted
-
2024-02-05
Software
- Repository URL
- https://impactfactor.org/PDF/IJPCR/16/IJPCR,Vol16,Issue2,Article59.pdf
- Development Status
- Active
References
- 1. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer 2015; 136:E359‑86. 2. Bal MS, Goyal R, Suri AK, Mohi MK. Detection of abnormal cervical cytology in papanicolaou smears. J Cytol 2012; 29:45‑7. 3. Ansari M, Mehdi G, Arif SH, Ansari H, Khan T. Smear patterns and spectrum of premalignant and malignant cervical epithelial lesions in postmenopausal Indian women: A hospital‑based study. Diagn Cytopathol 2012; 40:976‑83. 4. Sankaranarayanan R, Thara S, Sharma A, Roy C, Shastri S, Mahé C, et al. Accuracy of conventional cytology: Results from a multicentre screening study in India. J Med Screen 2004; 11:77-84. 5. Patel MM, Pandya AN, Modi J. Cervical pap smear study and its utility in cancer screening, to specify the strategy for cervical cancer control. Natl J Community Med 2011; 2:49‑51. 6. Selvi NT, Shree R R, Prakashiny S. Cell pattern abnormalities in cervical pap smear in correlation with age and demography at a Tertiary care centre. Trop J Pathol Microbiol. 2021; 7(1):33-39. 7. Saslow D, Solomon D, Lawson HW, Killackey M, Kulasingam SL, Cain J, et al. American Cancer Society, American Society for Col-poscopy and Cervical Pathology, and American Society for Clinical Pathology screening guidelines for the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 2012; 62:147‑72. 8. Sachan PL, Singh M, Patel ML, Sachan R. A study on cervical cancer screening using pap smear test and clinical correlation. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2018; 5:337-41. 9. Pun RG, Shrestha J, Awale PJ, Chitrakar N, Jha R, Khadka SS. Cytological pattern of cervical pap smears. J Pathol Nep. 2018; 8; 1280- 4. 10. Das D, Kar A, Rath S, Baliarsingh SK, Prusty D, Dash AK. Cytological pattern of Papanicolaou smears and detection of cervical cancersAn experience from a tertiary care centre of eastern zone of India. Oncol J India. 2018; 2; 258. 11. Atla BL, Uma P, Shamili M, Kumar SS. Cytological patterns of cervical pap smears with histopathological correlation. Int J Res Med Sci. 2015; 3(8)1911-6. 12. Bhutia K, Puri M, Gami N, Aggarwal K, Trivedi SS. Persistent inflammation on pap smear: Does it warrant evaluation? Indian J Cancer 2011; 48:220‑2. 13. Barouti E, Farzaneh F, Sene A. The pathogenic microorganism in papanicolaou vaginal smears and correlation with inflammation. J Family Reproduct Health 2013; 7:23‑7. 14. Vaghela BK, Vaghela VK, Santwani PM. Analysis of abnormal cervical cytology in papanicolaou smears at tertiary care center – A retrospective study. IJBAR 2014; 5:47‑9. 15. Al Eyd GJ, Shaik RB. Rate of opportunistic pap smear screening and patterns of epithelial cell abnormalities in pap smears in Ajman, United Arab Emirates. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2012; 12:473‑8. 16. Patel MM, Pandya AN, Modi J. Cervical pap smear study and its utility in cancer screening, to specify the strategy for cervical cancer control. Natl J Community Med 2011; 2:49‑51. 17. Sarma U, Mahanta J, Talukdar K. Pattern of abnormal cervical cytology in women attending a tertiary hospital. Int J Sci Res Publ 2012; 2:1‑4. 18. Verma A, Verma S, Vashist S, Attri S, Singhal A. A study on cervical cancer screening in symptomatic women using pap smear in a tertiary care hospital in rural area of Himachal Pradesh, India. Middle East Fertil Soc J 2017; 22:39‑42. 19. Padmini CP, Indira N, Chaitra R, Das P, Girish BC, Nanda KM, et al. Cytological and colposcopic evaluation of unhealthy cervix. J Evid Med Healthc 2015; 2:6920‑7. 20. Nayani ZS, Hendre PC. Comparison and correlation of pap smear with colposcopy and histopathology in evaluation of cervix. J Evol Med Dent Sci 2015; 4:9236‑47. 21. Gupta K, Malik NP, Sharma VK, Verma N, Gupta A. Prevalence of cervical dysplasia in Western Uttar Pradesh. J Cytol 2013; 30:257‑62. 22. Shanmugham D, Vijay A, Rangaswamy T. Colposcopic evaluation of patient with persistant inflammatory papsmear. Sch J Appl Med Sci 2014; 2:1010‑3. 23. Maleki A, Ahmadnia E, Avazeh A, Mazloomzadeh S, Molaei B, Jalilvand A, et al. Prevalence of abnormal papanicolaou test results and related factors among women living in Zanjan, Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:6935‑9. 24. Aytekin Tokmak, Ali Irfan Guzel, Emre Ozgu, Murat Oz, Serap Akbay, Salim Erkaya, Tayfun Gungor. Clinical Significance of Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance in Detecting Preinvasive Cervical Lesions in PostMenopausal Turkish Women. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 15(16)6639-6641 25. Akshatha C, Arul P, Shetty S. Prevalence and comparison of cervical cytology abnormalities in postmenopausal and elderly women- A experience from tertiary care hospital. J MedSoc 2017; 31:23-7. 26. Misra JS, Srivastava AN, Zaidi ZH. Cervical cytopathological changes associated with onset of menopause. J Mid-life Health. 2018; 9:180- 4. 27. Kanthimathy SD, Kizhakkebhagam NG, Aravind S, Parambil NA, Therayangalath B, Nayanar SK. The spectrum of cytologic patterns in cervical smears of a high-risk group: Retrospective analysis of a cancer detection camp experience. Cancer Res Stat Treat 2020; 3:692- 9. 28. Nair GG, Shamsuddin F, Narayanan T, Balan P. Cytopathological pattern of cervical pap smears - a study among population of North Malabar in Kerala. Indian J of Pathology and Oncology.2016; 3(4):552-7. 29. Ghimire P, Rawat D, Sinha K et al. Spectrum of cytological patterns in cervical PAP smears in a tertiary care center of Western region of Nepal. Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences 2019; 4(1):2-8. 30. Ranabhat SK, Shrestha R, Tiwari M. Analysis of abnormal epithelial lesions in cervical Pap smears in Mid-Western Nepal. J of Pathology of Nepal 2011; 1:30-3.