Administrative-Legal Provision of Veterinary-Sanitary Safety in the Republic of Kazakhstan

This article addresses the regulatory issues pertaining to veterinary-sanitary safety in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Considering Kazakhstan's pivotal role as a major exporter of livestock products, ensuring veterinary-sanitary safety is of paramount importance, given its implications for the country's economy and public health. The author begins by evaluating the concept of "veterinary-sanitary safety," analyzing the notions of "veterinary safety" and "sanitary safety" separately. Additionally, the author compares the concepts of "veterinary-sanitary safety," "food safety," "environmental safety," and "national security," identifying key similarities and differences. A crucial aspect is the determination of the public law nature of legal norms regulating veterinary-sanitary safety, which subsequently led to the recognition of veterinary-sanitary safety law as a branch of Special Administrative Law, defining its principal institutions such as identification, seizure, licensing, vaccination, and quarantine. Further analysis focuses on describing the evolution of regulatory norms for veterinary-sanitary safety in Kazakhstan from their inception to the present. The author systematizes all regulatory legal acts ensuring veterinary-sanitary safety, organizing them hierarchically into a structure consisting of six levels. Moreover, the article discusses issues in the regulatory framework of this sphere, characterized by legal uncertainty, the presence of evaluative concepts, non-compliance of national laws with international standards, and the absence of legal regulation for certain issues. In particular, the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan was analyzed from the perspective of compliance with the Terrestrial Animal Health Code developed by the World Organization for Animal Health.

Keywords: veterinary-sanitary safety, public law nature, legal regulation, system of regulatory legal acts, Terrestrial Animal Health Code.