Chaenophryne draco Beebe, 1932

(Figs. 1E, 4)

Diagnosis. Among the five valid species of Chaenophryne, C. draco, C. longiceps Regan, 1925 and C. ramifera Regan & Trewavas, 1932 are reported from the Atlantic Ocean (Pietsch, 1975, 2009). Females of Chaenophryne draco differ from all other congeners by the absence of anterolateral escal appendages (vs. esca with 1–3 anterolateral appendages on each side), and ratio of number of teeth in upper and lower jaws in specimens 20 mm or larger (1.08–1.45 vs. 0.76–1.30). The species is further distinguished from C. longiceps by having esca with an unpaired internally pigmented anterior appendage (vs. esca with a pair of internally pigmented anterior appendages); width of escal bulb 2.1–6.6% SL in specimens larger than 20 mm (vs. width of escal bulb 5.3–11.4% SL in specimens larger than 20 mm); pectoral-fin rays 16–19, rarely more than 18 (vs. 17–22, rarely less than 18). Chaenophryne draco also seems to differ from C. ramifera by a slightly shorter illicium (24.0–36.4% SL vs. 32.8–47.4% SL) and by fewer dorsal-fin rays (6–8 vs. 7–8) (Pietsch, 1975; Pietsch, 2007, 2009).

Geographical distribution. Chaenophryne draco is widespread in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. In the Atlantic, it has been reported from Greenland to Cape Verde, with additional records from off Cape Town, South Africa, and off Espírito Santo State, Brazil (MNRJ 30707, 19º43’40”S 38º39’50”W; Pietsch, 1975, 2009; Sutton et al., 2008; Porteiro et al., 2017). Species is reported here based on two specimens collected off Pernambuco State and Rocas Atoll, between depths of 680 and 984 m (Fig. 4).

Material examined. NPM 4954, 1, 90 mm (Fig. 1E), RV Antea, sta. AB2/16, 7°36’15.0”S 33°59’30.0”W to 7°36’49.3”S 33°57’18.7”W, 680 m, 14 Apr 2017, 21:53– 22:39 h; NPM 4969, 1, 55 mm, RV Antea, sta. AB2/52A, 3°43’16.2”S 33°25’09.8”W to 3°42’14.2”S 33°24’36.2”W, 822–984 m, 2 May 2017, 11:47–12:18 h.