TRADE CONNECTIONS AND TRADE CENTERS OF CENTRAL ASIAN KINGDOMS

From the time of the formation of the Central Asian khanates to their conquest by Tsarist Russia, the presence of various cities and craft centers and the rise of trade and crisis periods is clearly visible. Mutual trade relations between the Khanate of Khiva, the Emir of Bukhara, and the Khanate of Kokand were carried out in a permanent way, without being similar to each other. In addition, their products made a special contribution to the development of foreign relations. Trade relations are a factor affecting every sector of the state. The commercial activities of these khanates are the factors that lead to the growth of cities, political unity, freedom in internal and external affairs, and the peaceful and prosperous life of peoples. The existence of permanent trade routes, the need of the population to earn income and the existence of large markets caused the emergence of cities. This article provides more detailed information on this matter.