Parental Religious Orientation and Its Impact on Bonding to God of Visually Impaired Adults

Attachments occur throughout the lifespan of an individual. It can be between parents, children, lovers, individuals, religion, and God. This study investigated the potential influence of parental religious orientation on the bonding to God among visually impaired adults in Pakistan. While prior research has extensively examined religious orientation with various factors, there remains a gap in the literature concerning the connection between parental religious orientation and bonding to God, particularly in the context of visually impaired adults. To address this gap, this study focused on two primary participant groups: parents and visually impaired adults from various sects. Non-probability purposive sampling was employed to collect data. Data were collected from 67 parents and 67 visually impaired adults. Two scales, (i) Bonding to God (Saleem, 2004) and (ii) Age Universal Religious Orientation Scale (Gorsuch & McPherson, 1989), were used for data collection. The findings indicated no significant link between parental religious orientation and bonding to God among visually impaired adults. However, the study contributes to the enrichment of attachment theory in religious contexts and highlights the importance of inclusivity within religious communities. The implications of this research inform the development of tailored religious education and support programs, fostering spiritual well-being among visually impaired adults and providing directions for future research in the psychology of religion and disability studies.