A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON NUTRACEUTICALS AS THERAPEUTIC AGENTS

Nutraceuticals, derived from food sources and characterized by their potential therapeutic benefits, have emerged as a significant area of interest in modern healthcare. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted role of nutraceuticals as therapeutic agents, encompassing their classification, mechanisms of action, evidence-based applications, regulatory considerations, challenges, and emerging trends. Nutraceuticals comprise a diverse range of bioactive compounds, including vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, polyphenols, probiotics, and herbal extracts, each exerting unique physiological effects. Mechanistically, nutraceuticals modulate various pathways such as antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effects, gut microbiota modulation, and neuroprotective actions, contributing to their therapeutic potential. Clinical evidence supports the use of nutraceuticals in promoting cardiovascular health, joint health, cognitive function, digestive disorders, immune support, and skin health, albeit with variations in efficacy and safety profiles. Regulatory frameworks governing nutraceuticals vary globally, presenting challenges in standardization and quality control. Furthermore, limitations including variable bioavailability, potential interactions, and ethical concerns necessitate careful consideration. Emerging trends such as personalized nutrition, functional foods, nutrigenomics, and sustainability are shaping the future of nutraceutical research and development. Overall, nutraceuticals offer promising avenues for preventive healthcare, complementary therapy, and personalized medicine, contingent upon evidence-based practice, regulatory oversight, and ethical stewardship.

Keywords: Nutraceuticals, Therapeutic Agents, Classification, Mechanisms of Action, Evidence-Based Applications, Regulatory Considerations, Challenges, Emerging Trends.