Published February 26, 2024 | Version v3
Peer review Open

Cross-basin and cross-taxa patterns of marine community tropicalization and deborealization in warming European seas

Authors/Creators

  • 1. ROR icon AZTI
  • 2. ROR icon Oregon State University
  • 3. ROR icon University of North Carolina Wilmington
  • 4. Marine Biological Association
  • 5. ROR icon University of Liverpool
  • 6. ROR icon University of Pisa
  • 7. University of the Basque Country (Bilbao)
  • 8. Plentzia Marine Station
  • 9. University of the Basque Country (Gasteiz)
  • 10. ROR icon Hellenic Centre for Marine Research
  • 11. Aahrus universiy
  • 12. ROR icon Plymouth Marine Laboratory
  • 13. ROR icon University of Plymouth
  • 14. ROR icon University of Exeter
  • 15. ROR icon Ifremer
  • 16. ROR icon Instituto Español de Oceanografía
  • 17. ROR icon Institut de Ciències del Mar
  • 18. University of hawaii
  • 19. ROR icon Universitat de Barcelona
  • 20. Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat
  • 21. ROR icon Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement
  • 22. ROR icon Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research
  • 23. ROR icon Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research
  • 24. Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability (UMR DECOD), IFREMER
  • 25. ROR icon Technical University of Denmark

Description

cti_cross_region_taxon

This repository provides the data and codes used in the manuscript:

Guillem Chust, Ernesto Villarino, Matthew McLean, Nova Mieszkowska, Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi, Fabio Bulleri, Chiara Ravaglioli, Angel Borja, Iñigo Muxika, José A. Fernandes-Salvador, Leire Ibaibarriaga, Ainhize Uriarte, Marta Revilla, Fernando Villate, Arantza Iriarte, Ibon Uriarte, Soultana Zervoudaki, Jacob Carstensen, Paul J. Somerfield, Ana M. Queirós , Andrea J. McEvoy, Arnaud Auber, Manuel Hidalgo, Marta Coll, Joaquim Garrabou, Daniel Gómez-Gras, Cristina Linares, Francisco Ramírez, Núria Margarit, Mario Lepage, Chloé Dambrine, Jérémy Lobry, Myron A. Peck, Paula de la Barra, Anieke van Leeuwen, Gil Rilov, Erez Yeruham, Anik Brind'Amour, and Martin Lindegren. Cross-basin and cross-taxa patterns of marine community tropicalization and deborealization in warming European seas. Nature Communications

Please check the github repo cti_cross_region_taxon for updates.

Abstract

Ocean warming and acidification, decreases in dissolved oxygen concentrations, and changes in primary production are causing an unprecedented global redistribution of marine life. The identification of underlying ecological processes underpinning marine species turnover, particularly the prevalence of tropicalization over deborealization, has been recently debated in the context of ocean warming. Here, we track changes in the mean thermal affinity of marine communities across European seas by calculating the Community Temperature Index for 65 biodiversity time series collected over four decades and containing 1,817 species from different communities (zooplankton, coastal benthos, pelagic and demersal invertebrates and fish). We show most communities and sites have clearly responded to ongoing ocean warming via abundance increases of warm-water species (tropicalization; 54%) and decreases of cold-water species (deborealization; 18%). Tropicalization dominated Atlantic sites compared to semi-enclosed basins such as the Mediterranean and Baltic Seas, probably due to physical barrier constraints to connectivity and species colonization. Semi-enclosed basins appeared to be particularly vulnerable to ocean warming, experiencing the fastest rates of warming and biodiversity loss through deborealization.

Keywords: climate change, community temperature index, CTI, ocean connectivity.

Acknowledgements

This study has been supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 869300 (FutureMARES project) (G.C., E.V., J.F-S., M.P., M.Lin., C.D., D.G-G., G.R., L.B., C.R., M.C., F.R., G.R., P.B., M.P., M.Lep., J.L., A.B., N.M., J.G., F.B., L.B.C, A.Q., F.V., A.I., and I.U.), and by the Urban Klima 2050 -- LIFE 18 IPC 000001 project, which has been received funding from European Union's LIFE programme (G.C., E.V., L.I., A.B., A.U., and M.R.). Additional financial support was obtained from the Basque Government (PIBA2020-1-0028 & IT1723-22). We thank the NOAA Climate Prediction Center for providing Sea Temperature data through the NCEP Global Ocean Data Assimilation System (GODAS) www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/GODAS. We also thank Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) for providing global occurrences of the biological group studied here. Data from the Basque Country were obtained from the Basque Water Agency (URA) monitoring network, through a Convention with AZTI. M.C., J.G., D.G.-G. and F.R. acknowledge the 'Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence' accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S). Authors M.H. and M.Lin. are grateful for the support from ICES Working Group on Comparative Ecosystem-based Analyses of Atlantic and Mediterranean marine systems (WGCOMEDA) for this research. This paper is contribution nº xxxx from AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)

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