IMDEA Energy Institute
Published June 27, 2023 | Version v1
Journal article Open

Polyimides as Promising Cathodes for Metal-Organic Batteries: A Comparison between Divalent (Ca2+, Mg2+) and Monovalent (Li+, Na+) Cations

Authors/Creators

  • 1. Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
  • 2. ROR icon IMDEA Energy Institute
  • 3. University of Crete
  • 4. ROR icon ALBA Synchrotron (Spain)
  • 5. ROR icon University of the Basque Country
  • 6. ROR icon Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona
  • 7. ALISTORE−European Research Institute

Description

Ca- and Mg-based batteries represent a more sustainable alternative to Li-ion batteries. However, multivalent cation technologies suffer from poor cation mass transport. In addition, the development of positive electrodes enabling reversible charge storage currently represents one of the major challenges. Organic positive electrodes, in addition to being the most sustainable and potentially low-cost candidates, compared with their inorganic counterparts, currently present the best electrochemical performances in Ca and Mg cells. Unfortunately, organic positive electrodes suffer from relatively low capacity retention upon cycling, the origin of which is not yet fully understood. Here, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride-derived polyimide was tested in Li, Na, Mg, and Ca cells for the sake of comparison in terms of redox potential, gravimetric capacities, capacity retention, and rate capability. The redox mechanisms were also investigated by means of operando IR experiments, and a parameter affecting most figures of merit has been identified: the presence of contact ion-pairs in the electrolyte.

Notes

N.P. and R.M. thank PID2021-124974OB-C21 financed by MCIN/AEI//FEDER. N.P. appreciates fellowship IJC2020-043076-I-I funded by MCIN/AEI/and by the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR. A.M. thanks the TALENTO grant (2017-T1/AMB-5264 & 2021-5A/AMB-20946) from Comunidad de Madrid. N.G. acknowledges the funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 framework programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie agreement No. 101028682.

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