Community structure of mangroves in Minahasa Peninsula, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

This study used the continuous quadrant method to determine the mangrove community
structure in Minahasa Peninsula, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The methodology employed in this study
involved utilizing a quadrant measuring 10 x 10 square meters as the primary observation area.
Furthermore, a supplementary line was implemented at a right angle to the shoreline in a specific
segment of the mangrove habitat to function as an observation pathway. The study area was found to
contain a collective of 11 distinct species of mangroves that fell under the following classifications: the
Myrtales (Lythraceae), Lamiales (Acanthaceae), Malpighiales (Rhizophoraceae), Sapindales (Meliaceae)
and Arecales (Arecaceae). The study revealed that Rhizophora mucronata was the most dominant
mangrove species among the three surveyed stations. The species exhibited a high density of 1,220
individuals per hectare. Station 2 exhibited the most extraordinary diversity, while station 3 displayed
the least. Station 2 exhibited the most significant species richness, while station 1 demonstrated the
lowest. Station 2 displayed the highest level of species evenness, whereas station 3 exhibited the lowest.
In contrast, concerning species dominance, station 3 exhibited the highest level of dominance, while
station 2 demonstrated the lowest. Thus, utilizing the prevalence of 11 distinct mangrove species, the
three designated sampling stations were segregated into two distinct groups. The genesis of these
assemblages can be ascribed to the mangrove species' density, sediment type, and the actions of the
coastal populace.