Machine learning approaches in predicting allosteric sites

Allosteric regulation is a fundamental biological mechanism that can control critical cellular processes via allosteric modulator binding to protein distal functional sites. The advantages of allosteric modulators over orthosteric ones have sparked the development of numerous computational approaches, such as the identification of allosteric binding sites, to facilitate allosteric drug discovery. Building on the success of machine learning (ML) models for solving complex problems in biology and chemistry, several ML models for predicting allosteric sites have been developed. In this review, we provide an overview of these models and discuss future perspectives powered by the field of artificial intelligence such as protein language models.