The Potential Protective Effects of Ethanolic Extracts of Plantain Root on Diclofenac-Induced Nephrotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity Through Biochemical Analysis

The toxicity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines has been linked to liver and kidney damage. This study assessed the degree of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity caused by diclofenc as well as the protective effects of Musa paradiasca roots. Nine groups of six albino wistar rats each were used in this study: group 1 was the negative control, group 2 was the positive control, group 3 was the high dose of diclofenac and plantain root, group 4 was the low dose of diclofenac and plantain root, group 5 was the low dose of diclofenac and plantain root, and group 6 was the combination of diclofenac and vitamin C.Toxicity of group 2-9 was induced by oral administrative of diclofenac for 7 days. After which they were treated with Musa paradiasca roots for 3 weeks. On the 29th day after an overnight fast, the rats were anaethesied with chloroform, five mililitres of blood samples were put into plain bottles for the analysis of biochemical parameters. The liver and kidney of the rats were harvested for histological analysis. The inflammatory makers, S0D, MDA were analyzed using ELISA technique. Liver enzymes (AST, ALP and ALT) were assayed using Mindray biochemistry autoanalyser. There were significant reduction in the weights of the rats of the positive control group while the treated groups had some recovery in their weights. There were significant reduction liver function (AST, ALP, ALT) of the positive control groups (p<0.001) and kidney function (creatinine and urea) at (p<0.5). there were no significant difference between the groups treated with Musa paradisca roots and Vitamin C treated group. Histochemical study of the kidney and liver revealed that the kidney's glomeruli and basement membrane were deformed in the positive control groups, whereas the groups that received the plant extract showed some degree of healing. The appearance of the magenta color in the Periodic Acid Schiff stain suggested histomorphological distortion in the liver's gylogen storage capacity. The plant extracts utilized in this investigation had a mitigating effect on the harm caused by the medication. It can be taken as a stand-alone medication to treat diclofenac-induced toxic situations, reduce inflammation, and enhance liver and kidney indices.