Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree of Costaceae, modified from Specht (2006), with chromosome numbers (2n) from previous studies in black (see Table 1 for references) and counts made in the present study in red. African species are in green roman text, Neotropical in blue italic text and Asian in yellow bold text. In the work of Specht, the Bornean Paracostus sample included was identified as P. paradoxus, which we believe is a misidentification; the branch has therefore been labelled Paracostus spp. and represents the undescribed Paracostus (2n = 18) and Costus (subg. Paracostus) muluensis (2n = 36).