1a. Herbs to 30 cm. Leaves all in a basal rosette _______________________________________ 2

1b. Herbs or shrubs to 120 cm. Cauline leaves present _________________________________ 3

2a. Leaves elliptic-oblong, entire, lanate below ______________________________ S. mukerjeei

2b. Leaves ovate, crenate, sparsely hairy on veins below _______ S. saxicola Wall. ex Benth.

3a. Bracts caducous. Corolla red or white. Cultivated or naturalised ____________________ 4

3b. Bracts persistent. Corolla blue, violet, yellow, pinkish purple or purple-brown. Native ___ 5

4a. Corolla white. Calyx lanate, venation obscured _____________________ S. leucantha Cav.

4b. Corolla red. Calyx sparsely hairy, venation evident _________ S. coccinea BUc’hoz ex Etl.

5a. Corolla up to 18 mm. Calyx 2.5–11 mm ____________________________________________ 6

5b. Corolla 23–35 mm. Calyx 10–18 mm ______________________________________________ 7

6a. Corolla less than 6 mm _______________________________________________ S. plebeia R.Br.

6b. Corolla 12–18 mm ____________________________________________ S. roborowskii Maxim.

7a. Corolla yellow _____________________________________________________________________ 8

7b. Corolla blue, violet, maroon or purple brown _______________________________________ 10

8a. Lower theca sterile. Leaves hastate ______________________________________ S. nubicola

8b. Lower theca fertile. Leaves cordate, rarely slightly hastate __________________________ 9 9a. Corolla c. 33 mm long ______________________________________________ S. manasluensis

9b. Corolla 23–26 mm long _____________________________________________ S. campanulata

10a. Underside of leaves densely greyish white tomentose, sometimes glabrescent

S. przewalskii 10b. Underside of leaves glabrous to sparsely hairy ____________________________________ 11

11a. Bracts prominent, 8–17 mm wide. Calyx teeth acerose ___ S. moorcroftiana Wall. ex Benth.

11b. Bracts up to 6 mm wide. Calyx teeth acute or mucrunote __________________________ 12

12a. Corolla purple-brown, sigmoid at the base. Nutlets 4–4.5 mm ____________ S. castanea

12b. Corolla blue or pinkish purple, straight at the base. Nutlets up to 3.5 mm ___________ 13

13a. Corolla pinkish purple with darker spots 2–2.8 cm ______________________ S. clementae

13b. Corolla blue with white lower lip, 2.7–3.5 cm _________________________________ S. hians