Comparison of the grid forming and grid following inverters connected to a real grid

The growing utilization of wind and solar energy within energy grids has led to a demand for advanced technologies to oversee inverters effectively. These technologies are necessary for the smooth inclusion of renewable energy sources in the grid. Inverters hold a significant position in energy networks. For effective control of renewable energy sources, an understanding of the advantages and limitations of different types of inverters is necessary. This understanding can subsequently aid in constructing a power system characterized by reliability and ecological sustainability. The main goal of this paper will be to explore the differences between grid-following (GFL) and grid-forming (GFM) inverters in power networks. It will also provide insights into the advantages and disadvantages of GFL and GFM inverter controls and their impact on grid stability. The differences and features of each inverter will then be compared using simulation results generated by the Matlab/Simulink software package. The control is realized using synchronverter’s methods, varying the virtual moment of inertia and the damping factor to achieving the desired response in case of network disturbances. The output variables are active and reactive power and they change according to control actions. Two scenarios are tested to compare the responses of GFM and GFL inverters: the grid disturbance and the change of reference value.