Serpocaulon

A recent monograph of Serpocaulon by Sanín et al. (2023) necessitates some revision of the treatment of that genus for Bolivia. The following species, some new records, some as a result of recircumscription of previously recognized species, need to be added to the treatment of Smith et al. (2018). A newly named species is S. australe, which now includes the specimens heretofore called Serpocaulon gilliesii by Smith et al. (2018). In fact, the name S. gilliesii is now treated as a synonym of S. lasiopus, so that it applies to a different species (Sanín et al. 2019b; Sanín et al. 2023). Serpocaulon rex, previously known only from southern Brazil, is now known from several sites in Bolivia, and S. dasypleuron and S. wagneri, both fairly widespread in South America, are now considered to occur in Bolivia as a result of reidentifications of existing material. Several species recognized by Smith et al. (2018) are now excluded from Bolivia: S. silvulae, is now placed into synonymy under a previously recognized species, S. crystalloneuron. Specimens previously called S. caceresii for Bolivia are now understood to all be S. articulatum; the former species has been wrongly interpreted (Sanín et al. 2021), and collections previously determined as S. caceresii generally represent either S. articulatum or S. psychotrium (Sanín et al. 2023), a species known only from Venezuela and Colombia to Peru, but possibly to be found in Bolivia. Two additional species recognized by Smith et al. (2018), S. latipes and S. ptilorhizon, are no longer known to occur in Bolivia; specimens called this for Bolivia are assignable to other species, namely S. intricatum for the former, and either S. funckii or S. subandinum for the latter. As a result of these changes, the number of species known from Bolivia has increased by 3 (6 additions, 3 deletions) to 24. The particulars for all taxa are summarized following a new key for all species in the genus. For a full accounting of the taxonomy, synonymy, and ranges of species of Serpocaulon, the monograph by Sanín et al. (2023) should be consulted. Images of specimens indicated by an asterisk are available on the Pteridoportal (www.pteridoportal.org).