Published November 27, 2023 | Version v1
Publication Open

Pollination, a matter beyond the visible

  • 1. Fedecacao-FNC, San Vicente de Chucurí, Colombia
  • 2. Fedecacao-FNC, Bogotá, Colombia

Description

Pollen viability is defined as a mechanism of male fertility, necessary for the reproduction of plants, since its mission is the fertilization of the ovules for the formation of seeds. Knowing this process is key to improving quality techniques and grain germination capacity, which are related to flower biology, used to refer to germination and viability, which directly or indirectly influence the fertilization process in plants. flowers. The development of the cocoa flower is subject to genetic, environmental, pathological, nutritional factors, the alteration between these factors affects fertilization and production in cocoa plantations. The heterogeneity in the crops, can present low yields, among them it can be associated with the reproductive development of the crop, size of the fruits, number of seeds, which could be associated with pollen viability, being these an important tool in the programs of genetic improvement.

Sexual compatibility increases the possibility of successful fertilization and is a key aspect for increasing productivity. Sexual incompatibility considerably limits the productivity of trees, since it cannot fertilize itself or with different material, making partial or total fertilization difficult due to inhibition due to chemical and physiological causes or lack of stimulating substances for the growth of the pollen tube.. The present study was carried out by the National Federation of Cocoa Growers with resources from the National Cocoa Fund, through the research program, where the objective was to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative differentiation of viable pollen grains to calculate the percentage of germination in 36 materials of cocoa, through in vitro tests in culture media, each one evaluated with five flowers, with counts in 250 pollen grains taken at random per flower, 50 per anther, for a total of 1,250 grains, the germination percentage is carried out two hours after sowing.

It was possible to make a classification of the evaluated materials according the in-vitro germination capacity into four groups: high (above 75%): FSA12, FLE3, FSV1, FTA2, FSA20, FCHI8, FGI4; intermediate-high (50-75 %): FTA4, FEAR26, FSV41, FSV30, CCN51, ICS1, FLE4, FBO1; intermediate-low (25-50%): ICS39, EET8, ICS95, FSV25, FTA7, FSA13, FSV155, FLE2, TSH565; and low (≤25%): FEAR5, FSV80, FMAC11, FYC2, FSA11, FEC44, FSV153, FLE28, FEC2, FEC7, FQUIP1.

Keywords: Pollination, germination capacity, Fedecacao, cocoa flower.

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