Evaluation of Prevalence of Congenital Anomalies in Children and Infants Admitted to NICU and IPD of Bamyan Provincial Hospital in 2018- 2023

Background & Aim: Congenital Anomalies are one of the most important causes of disability and death of infants in developing and advanced countries, and the cost of hospitalization and treatment of these children puts a heavy burden on the health system and their families. Therefore, in this research, it has been considered to determine the prevalence of congenital Anomalies in infants Admitted to NICU and IPD. Materials & methods: This is cross-sectional retrospective descriptive study, all infants and children who were admitted to the IPD and NICU of Bamyan provincial hospital from 2018 to September 15, 2023 with the diagnosis of one or more congenital Anomalies were studied. To collect data, after obtaining the permission, NICU's and IPD's register books were accessed. The required data were collected through these books, which included diagnosis and patients' demographic characteristics and additional information was collected through contact with physicians. Data were analyzed and presented for SPSS software version 20 and also using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency and frequency percentage). Results: from 679 infants and children diagnosed with congenital Anomalies, 172 cases (25.4%) were congenital heart diseases (CHD), with the highest frequency in the first degree, 153 cases (22.5%) were seizures and 115 cases (17%) were Neural tube defect( NTD) and 94 cases (13.8%) were Blood Disorders and also 94 cases (13.8%) were cerebral palsy (CP) and 44 cases (6.5%) were chromosomal disorders and 7 cases (1%) were cleft lip and Clift palate. Also, patients with chromosomal disorders were include Down syndrome and Nephrotic syndrome and patients with Blood Disorders included Anemia and thalassemia. Patients with Neural tube defect included three type, Encephallocele, Anencephaly, Spina Bifida, Most of these patients died, or became paralyzed from the legs after surgery. Cerebral palsy patients also had seizures, and most of the statistical population was male with 398 cases (58%) out of all patients. Conclusions: The frequency of congenital heart diseases, seizures and nervous system disorders was higher compared to other congenital Anomalies. Therefore, in order to reduce the prevalence of the mentioned disorders, informing young mothers and families about the risk factors of these diseases to different ways is very important.