Published December 21, 2007
| Version v1
Journal article
Restricted
Phylogeny and higher classification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea)*
Authors/Creators
Description
GULLAN, P. J., COOK, L. G. (2007): Phylogeny and higher classification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea)*. Zootaxa 1668 (1): 413-425, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1668.1.22, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1668.1.22
Files
Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
- LSID
- urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:FFF5BA3F737EFF97A326FFBD321F6C14
Related works
- Has part
- Dataset: http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A23D97378FF91A3B1FCDA331A6FD3 (URL)
References
- Beardsley, J.W. (1964) Insects of Campbell Island. Homoptera: Coccoidea. Pacific Insects (Monograph), 7, 238-252.
- Ben-Dov, Y. (1990) Classification of diaspidoid and related Coccoidea. In: Rosen, D. (Ed), World Crop Pests, Volume 4A, Armored Scale Insects: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 97-128.
- Ben-Dov, Y. (2005) A Systematic Catalogue of the Scale Insect Family Margarodidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of the World. Intercept Ltd, Wimborne, 400 pp.
- Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D.R. & Gibson, G.A.H. (2006) ScaleNet. http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/ scalenet/ scalenet.htm (Accessed 5 August and 10 September 2007)
- Blackman, R.L., & Eastop, V.F. (2000) Aphids on the World's Crops. An Identification and Information Guide. 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, 466 pp.
- Boratynski, K. & Davies, R.G. (1971) The taxonomic value of male Coccoidea (Homoptera) with an evaluation of some numerical techniques. Biological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 3, 57-102.
- Borchsenius, N.S. (1965) Bases of classification of armored scales. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 44, 326-376.
- Bourgoin, T. & Campbell, B. (2002) Inferring a phylogeny for Hemiptera: falling into the 'autapomorphic trap'. Denisia, 4, 67-82.
- Buchner, P. (1965) Endosymbiosis of Animals with Plant Microorganisms. Wiley, New York, 909 pp.
- Cook, L.G. & Gullan, P.J. (2004) The gall-inducing habit has evolved multiple times among the eriococcid scale insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 83, 441-452.
- Cook, L.G., Gullan, P.J. & Trueman, H.E. (2002) A preliminary phylogeny of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) based on nuclear small-subunit ribosomal DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 25, 43- 52.
- Cook, L.G. & Rowell, D.M. (2007) Genetic diversity, host-specificity and unusual phylogeography of a cryptic, hostassociated species complex of gall-inducing scale insects. Ecological Entomology, 32, 506-515.
- Cox, J.M. (1984) Relationships of the Phenacoleachiidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium of Central European Entomofaunistics, Budapest, 15-20 August 1983, 339-341.
- Cox, J.M. & Williams, D.J. (1987) Do the Eriococcidae form a monophyletic group? Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria 'Filippo Silvestri' 43 (Suppl.)(1986), 13-17.
- Danzig, E.M. (1980) Coccoids of the Far East USSR (Homoptera, Coccinea) with Phylogenetic Analysis of Scale Insects Fauna of the World. (In Russian). Nauka, Leningrad, Russia, 367 pp. [Also available in a 1986 English translation: Oxonian Press Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 450 pp.]
- Downie, D.A. & Gullan, P.J. (2004) Phylogenetic analysis of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) based on DNA sequences from three nuclear genes, and a review of the higher classification. Systematic Entomology, 29, 238-259.
- Downie, D.A. & Gullan, P.J. (2005) Phylogenetic congruence of mealybugs and their primary endosymbionts. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 18, 315-324.
- Foldi, I. (1997) Defense strategies in scale insects: phylogenetic inference and evolutionary scenarios (Hemiptera, Coccoidea). Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (N.S.) Serie A, Zoologie, 173, 203-230.
- Foldi, I. (2001) A world list of extant and fossil species of Margarodidae sensu lato (Hemiptera, Coccoidea). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie, 18, 195-231.
- Foldi, I. (2004) The Matsucoccidae in the Mediterranean basin with a world list of species (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (N.S.), 40, 145-168.
- Foldi, I. (2005) Ground pearls: a generic revision of the Margarodidae sensu stricto (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France (N.S.), 41, 81-125.
- Grimaldi, D. & Engel, M.S. (2005) Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 755 pp.
- Gruwell, M.E., Morse, G.E. & Normark, B.B. (2007) Phylogenetic congruence of armoured scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and their primary endosymbionts from the phylum Bacteroidetes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 44, 267-280.
- Gruwell, M.E., von Dohlen, C.D., Patch, K. & Normark, B.B. (2005) Preliminary PCR survey of bacteria associated with scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea). Proceedings of the X International Symposium of Scale insect Studies, Adana, Turkey, 19th-23rd April 2004. pp. 101-116.
- Gullan, P.J. & Cook, L.G. (2002) Phenacoleachia Cockerell (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Phenacoleachiidae) re-visited. Bollettino di Zoologia agraria e di Bachicoltura, Ser. II, 33, 163-173.
- Gullan, P.J., Downie, D.A. & Steffan, S.A. (2003) A new pest species of the mealybug genus Ferrisia Fullaway (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) from the USA. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 96, 723-737.
- Gullan, P.J., Giliomee, J.H., Hodgson, C.J. & Cook, L.G. (2006) The systematics and biology of the South African gallinducing scale insect Calycicoccus merwei Brain (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Eriococcidae). African Entomology, 14, 13-33.
- Gullan, P.J. & Kosztarab, M. (1997) Adaptations in scale insects. Annual Review of Entomology, 42, 23-50.
- Gullan, P.J. & Martin, J.H. (2003) Sternorrhyncha (jumping plant-lice, whiteflies, aphids and scale insects). In: V. Resh & R. Carde (Eds), Encyclopedia of Insects. Academic Press, pp. 1079-1089.
- Gullan, P.J. & Sjaarda, A.W. (2001) Trans-Tasman Platycoelostoma Morrison (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Margarodidae) on endemic Cupressaceae, and the phylogenetic history of margarodids. Systematic Entomology, 26, 257-258.
- Hardy, N.B., Gullan, P.J. & Hodgson, C.J. (2008) A classification of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) based on integrated molecular and morphological data. Systematic Entomology (in press).
- Havill, N.P., Foottit, R.G. & von Dohlen, C.D. (2007) Evolution of host specialization in the Adelgidae (Insecta: Hemiptera) inferred from molecular phylogenetics. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 44, 357-370.
- Heie, O. (1999) Aphids of the past (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha). Proceedings of the First Palaeoentomological Conference, Moscow, 1998, AMBA, Bratislava, pp. 49-55.
- Hodgson, C.J. (1994) The Scale Insect Family Coccidae: An Identification Manual to Genera. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK, 639 pp.
- Hodgson, C.J. (1997) Classification of the Coccidae and related coccoid families. In: Ben-Dov, Y. & Hodgson, C.J. (Eds), World Crop Pests, Volume 7A, Soft Scale Insects: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Elsevier, Amsterdam & New York, pp. 157-201.
- Hodgson, C.J. (2002) Preliminary phylogeny of some non-margarodid Coccoidea (Hemiptera) based on adult male characters. Bollettino di Zoologia agraria e di Bachicoltura, Ser. II, 33, 129-137.
- Hodgson, C.J. & Foldi, I. (2005) Preliminary phylogenetic analysis of the Margarodidae sensu Morrison and related taxa (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) based on adult male morphology. Proceedings of the X International Symposium of Scale Insect Studies, Adana, Turkey, April 2004, pp. 35-47.
- Hodgson, C. & Foldi, I. (2006) A review of the Margarodidae sensu Morrison (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) and some related taxa based on the morphology of adult males. Zootaxa, 1263, 1-250.
- Hughes-Schrader, S. (1944) A primitive coccid chromosome cycle in Puto sp. Biological Bulletin, 87, 167-176.
- Jakubski, A.W. (1965) A Critical Revision of the Families Margarodidae and Termitococcidae (Hemiptera, Coccoidea). British Museum (Natural History), London, 187 pp.
- Koteja, J. (1974a) Comparative studies on the labium in the Coccinea (Homoptera). Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej w Krakowie, Rozprawy, 89, 1-162.
- Koteja, J. (1974b) On the phylogeny and classification of the scale insects (Homoptera, Coccinea) (discussion based on the morphology of the mouthparts). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 19, 267-326.
- Koteja, J. (1989) Inka minuta gen. et sp. n. (Homoptera, Coccinea) from Upper Cretaceous Taymyrian amber. Annales Zoologici (Warsaw) 43, 77-101.
- Koteja, J. (1990) Paleontology. In: Rosen, D. (Ed), World Crop Pests, Volume 4A, Armored Scale Insects: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 149-163.
- Koteja, J. (1996) Scale insects (Homoptera: Coccinea) a day after. In: Schaefer, C.W. (Ed.), Studies on Hemipteran Phylogeny. Proceedings of Thomas Say Publications in Entomology, Entomological Society of America, Lanham, Maryland, pp. 65-88.
- Koteja, J. (1998) Essays on coccids (Homoptera): sudden death in amber? Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 67, 185-218.
- Koteja, J. (2000a) Scale insects (Homoptera, Coccinea) from Upper Cretaceous New Jersey amber. In: Grimaldi, D. (Ed.), Studies on Fossils in Amber, with Particular Reference to the Cretaceous New Jersey. Backhuys, Leiden, The Netherlands, pp. 147-229.
- Koteja, J. (2000b) Advances in the study of fossil coccids (Hemiptera: Coccinea). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 69, 187-218.
- Koteja, J. (2001a) Essays on coccids (Hemiptera: Coccinea): paleontology without fossils? Prace Muzeum Ziemi, 46, 41-53.
- Koteja, J. (2001b) Pre-Cretaceous scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccinea). In: Krzeminska, E. & Krzeminski, W. (Eds), Abstracts Volume. Second International Congress on Palaeontology. Fossil Insects. Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, pp. 31-32.
- Koteja, J. (2004) Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccinea) from Cretaceous Myanmar (Burmese) amber. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 2, 109-114.
- Koteja, J. & Azar, D. (2001) Lower Cretaceous scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccinea) from the Hammana outcrops in central Lebanon. In: Krzeminska, E. & Krzeminski, W. (Eds), Abstracts Volume. Second International Congress on Palaeontology. Fossil Insects. Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, pp. 30-31.
- Koteja, J. & Azar, D. (2008) Scale insects from Lower Cretaceous amber of Lebanon (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccinea). Alavesia, 2 (in press).
- Koteja, J. & Poinar, O. (2001) A new family, genus and species of scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccinea: Kukaspididae, new family) from Cretaceous Alaskan amber. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 103, 356-363.
- Kozar, F. (2004) Ortheziidae of the World. Plant Protection Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary, 525 pp.
- Kozar, F. & Foldi, I. (2002) The water scale insects of the mysterious family Carayonemidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea). Bollettino di Zoologia Agraria e di Bachicoltura (Milano), Ser. II, 33(2001), 197-201.
- Kozar, F. & Konczne Benedicty, S. (2000) Carayonemidae of the Neotropical region with the descriptions of new genera and species (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Folia Entomologica Hungarica, 61, 71-82.
- Kosztarab, M. (1996) Scale Insects of Northeastern North America: Identification, Biology, and Distribution. Virginia Museum of Natural History, Martinsville. Special Publication No. 3, 650 pp.
- Miller (1984) Phylogeny and classification of the Margarodidae and related groups (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium of Central European Entomofaunistics, Budapest, 15-20 August 1983: pp. 321-324.
- Miller, D.R. (1990) Phylogeny. In: Rosen, D. (Ed), World Crop Pests, Volume 4A, Armored Scale Insects: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 169-178.
- Miller, D.R. & Davidson, J.A. (1990) A list of the armored scale insect pests. In: Rosen, D. (Ed), World Crop Pests, Volume 4B, Armored Scale Insects: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 299-306.
- Miller, D.R., Gimpel, M.E. & Rung, A. (2005) A Systematic Catalogue of the Cerococcidae, Halimococcidae, Kermesidae, Micrococcidae, Ortheziidae, Phenacoleachiidae, Phoenicococcidae and Stictococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of the World. Intercept Limited, Wimborne.
- Miller, D.R. & Hodgson, C.J. (1997) Phylogeny. In: Ben-Dov, Y. & Hodgson, C.J. (Eds), World Crop Pests, Volume 7A, Soft Scale Insects: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Elsevier, Amsterdam & New York, pp. 229-250.
- Miller, D.R. & Kosztarab, M. (1979) Recent advances in the study of scale insects. Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 1- 27.
- Miller, D.R. & Miller, G.L. (1993) A new species of Puto and a preliminary analysis of the phylogenetic position of the Puto group within the Coccoidea (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). Jeffersoniana: Contributions from the Virginia Museum of Natural History (4), 1-35.
- Miller, D.R., Rung, A., Venable, G.L. & Gill, R.J. (2007) Scale insects: identification tools for species of quarantine importance. Scale Families. ARS & APHIS, USDA. Available from: http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/ScaleKeys/ScaleInsectsHome/ScaleInsectsFamilies.html (accessed 5 September 2007).
- Miller, D.R. & Williams, D.J. (1995) Systematic revision of the Family Micrococcidae (Homoptera: Coccoidea), with a discussion of its relationships, and a description of a gynandromorph. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria 'Filippo Silvestri'. Portici 50 (1993), 199-247.
- Morrison, H. (1927) Descriptions of the genera and species belonging to the coccid family Margarodidae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 40, 99-109.
- Morrison, H. (1928) A classification of the higher groups and genera of the coccid family Margarodidae. United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin, 52, 1-239.
- Morse, G.E., Gruwell, M.E., Claps, L.E. & Normark, B.B. (2005) Towards a combined molecular and morphological phylogenetic analysis of the Diaspididae. In: Erkili_, L.B. & Kaydan, M.B. (Eds), Proceedings of the X International Symposium of Scale Insect Studies, ISSIS-X, 19-23 April, 2004, Adana, Turkey, pp. 79-99.
- Morse, G.E. & Normark, B.B. (2006) A molecular phylogenetic study of armoured scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae). Systematic Entomology 31, 338-349.
- Normark, B.B. (2003) The evolution of alternative genetic systems in insects. Annual Review of Entomology, 48, 397- 423.
- Nur, U. (1980) Evolution of unusual chromosome systems in scale insects (Coccoidea: Homoptera). In: R.L. Blackman, G.M. Hewitt, & M. Ashburner (Eds.), Insect Cytogenetics. Royal Entomological Society, London, pp. 97-117.
- Nur, U., Brown, S.W. & Beardsley, J.W. (1987) Evolution of chromosome number in mealybugs (Pseudococcidae: Homoptera). Genetica, 74, 53-60.
- Remaudiere, G. & Remaudiere, M. (1997) Catalogue of the World's Aphididae. Homoptera: Aphidoidea. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris. 473 pp.
- Robison, W.G. (1977) Ultrastructure of Coccoidea sperm. Bulletin of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Research Division 127, 35-50.
- Robison, W.G. (1990) Sperm ultrastructure, behaviour, and evolution. In: Rosen, D. (Ed), World Crop Pests, Volume 4A, Armored Scale Insects: Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 205-220.
- Schaefer, C.W. (Ed.) (1996) Studies on Hemipteran Phylogeny. Proceedings of Thomas Say Publications in Entomology, Entomological Society of America, Lanham, Maryland. 244 pp.
- Schlee, D. (1969) Die Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen innerhalb der Sternorrhyncha aufgrund synapomorpher Merkmale. Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, 199, 1-19.
- Shcherbakov, D.E. (2007) Extinct four-winged precoccids and the ancestry of scale insects and aphids (Hemiptera). Russian Entomological Journal, 16, 47-62.
- Shcherbakov D.E. & Wegierek P. (1991) Creaphididae, a new and the oldest aphid family from the Triassic of Middle Asia. Psyche, 98, 81-85.
- Sorensen, J.T., Campbell, B.C., Gill, R.J. & Steffen-Campbell, J.D. (1995) Non-monophyly of Auchenorrhyncha ("Homoptera"), based upon 18S rDNA phylogeny: eco-evolutionary and cladistic implications within pre-Heteropterodea Hemiptera (s.l.) and a proposal for new monophyletic suborders. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 71, 31-60.
- Takagi, S. (2002) One new subfamily and two new tribes of the Diaspididae (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Insecta Matsumurana 59(N.S.), 55-100.
- Takagi, S. (2007) The gall-inducing coccoid family Beesoniidae (Hemiptera): facts, speculations, and perspectives. Oriental Insects, 41, 67-91.
- Tremblay, E. (1989) Coccoidea endocytobiosis. In: Schwemmler, W. and Gassner, G. (Eds) Insect Endocytobiosis: Morphology, Physiology, Genetics, Evolution. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 145-173.
- von Dohlen, C.D. & Moran, N.A. (1995) Molecular phylogeny of the Homoptera: a paraphyletic taxon. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 41, 211-223.
- von Dohlen, C.D. & Moran, N.A. (2000) Molecular data support a rapid radiation of aphids in the Cretaceous and multiple origins of host alternation. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 71, 689-717.
- Whitfield, J.B. & Lockhart, P.J. (2007) Deciphering ancient rapid radiations. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 22, 258- 265.
- Williams, D.J. & Watson, G.W. (1990) The Scale Insects of the Tropical South Pacific Region. Part 3. The Soft Scales (Coccidae) and Other Families. CAB International Institute of Entomology, Wallingford, Oxon, UK, 267 pp.