Gambusia holbrooki Girard 1859
Authors/Creators
- 1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Nevşehir Hacı BektaşVeli University, Nevşehir, Türkiye
- 2. School of Environmental and Animal Sciences, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- 3. Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- 4. Ichthyology and Molecular Systematics Research Laboratory, Zoology Section, Department of Biology, School of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- 5. Health Services Vocational School, Nevşehir Hacı BektaşVeli University, Nevşehir, Türkiye
- 6. Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde in Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany
Description
Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859 [I]—Eastern mosquitofish
Taxonomy. Original description: Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859: 390 [Palatka, eastern Florida, (Palatka, eastern Florida and Charleston, South Carolina), USA; lectotype: ANSP 6976; lectotype selected by Huber (2019: 64)].— Iraq synonyms: None.—Revisions: Rauchenberger (1989: 3).—Illustration: McEachran & Fechhelm (1998: 924, fig.); Esmaeili (2021: 313, fig. 17.18).
Status in Iraq. First record from Iraq by the government of Iraq during 1950s to combat malaria); confirmed by Jawad (2003); Al-Faisal et al. (2014).—Iraq materials: Fish Collection of the Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq; Fish collection at the Marine Science Centre, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.
Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Iraq: Widespread all basins of Iraq.—General distribution: North America: Atlantic and Gulf Coast drainages, eastern USA; widely introduced elsewhere for mosquito control.—Habitat: This species often occurs in shallow, often stagnant ponds and the shallow edges of lakes and streams where predatory fishes are largely absent and temperatures are high. Freshwater, brackish.
Economic importance. No commercial importance.
Reasons of introduction. Bio-control: to prevent eutrophication, aquatic plants, and pest control.
Conservation. Not relevant (introduced species).
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Scientific name authorship
- Girard
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Phylum
- Chordata
- Order
- Cyprinodontiformes
- Family
- Poeciliidae
- Genus
- Gambusia
- Species
- holbrooki
- Taxon rank
- species
- Taxonomic concept label
- Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859 sec. Çiçek, Jawad, Eagderi, Esmaeili, Mouludi-Saleh, Sungur & Fricke, 2023
References
- Girard, C. F. (1859) Ichthyological notices. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 11, 56 - 68.
- Rauchenberger, M. (1989) Systematics and biogeography of the genus Gambusia (Cyprinodontiformes: Poecilidae). American Museum Novitates, 2951, 1 - 74.
- McEachran, J. D. & Fechhelm, J. D. (1998) Fishes of the Gulf of Mexico. Vol. 1. Myxiniformes to Gasterosteiformes. Univeersity of Texas Press, Austin, Texas, 1112 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.7560 / 752061
- Esmaeili, H. R. (2021) Checklist of freshwater fishes of southwestern wetlands of Iran. In: Jawad, L. A. (Ed.), Southern Iraq's Marshes: Their Environment and Conservation. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 295 - 318. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 030 - 66238 - 7 _ 17
- Jawad, L. (2003) Impact of environmental change on the freshwater fish fauna of Iraq. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 60 (6), 581 - 593. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 0020723032000087934