Design measures of ethnic identity: The problems of overlap and incompleteness

A great deal of new work in the field of ethnic politics has focused on improving the quality of the data we put into our measures—and critiquing the quality of the data that went into measures such as the Index of Ethnolinguistic Fractionalization (the ELF index) (Chandra 2009, Chandra and Wilkinson 2008, Cederman and Girardin 2007, Posner 2004).