Published July 12, 2008
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A Pair of Smarandachely Isotopic Quasigroups and Loops of the Same Variety
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The isotopic invariance or universality of types and varieties of quasigroups and
loops described by one or more equivalent identities has been of interest to researchers in loop theory in the recent past. A variety of quasigroups(loops) that are not universal have been found to be isotopic invariant relative to a special type of isotopism or the other. Presently, there are two outstanding open problems on universality of loops: semi-automorphic inverse property loops(1999) and Osborn loops(2005).
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