ПСИХОСОМАТИЧНІ РОЗЛАДИ: СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ПРОБЛЕМИ

The article presents the results of theoretical analysis  of the  psychosomatic 
disorders  problem. The authors  pointed that the  problem  of somatic disease 
psychology  has been  always seen in two aspects: firstly, in terms of psychological 
factors impact  to  the person’s  somatic sphere and secondly, in terms of  somatic
factors impact to the patient’s psychics.
In this regard two opposing directions  took shape  clearly  in present  medical 
and psychological studies. One of them includes analysis of the nature of pathogenic 
impact  of  disease  to  the individual, changes  in  the course of mental processes and
the  operational and technical  capacity  of a  patients  in terms of certain chronic 
somatic disease.
Basing  on the analysis of scientific literature and existing studies  it was  found 
that there are over three hundred  of  different concepts of psychosomatic 
relationships in modern psychosomatic medicine today. In particular they are the
theory  of  conversion  disorder  (S. Freud), theory  of  morbogenic  relationship of 
mother and child (H. Ammon) neurohumoral theory (H. Selye), cortical-visceral 
theory, functional systems theory (P. Anokhin).
All these theories are essentially  separate fragments, which  approach  to  real 
full explanation of complex psychosomatic relationships only in conjunction. Each 
of them reveals only one aspect of a problem, thus considering  just  a single case of 
psychosomatic disorders appearance.
The so-called complex theories  appear  as a result. They  emphasize the 
complexity of psychosomatic disorders pathogenesis, taking into account both 
psychological and somatic factors of disease progress. Synergetics  is a new methodological  mean  for the study of psychosomatic 
disorders.  It is an  interdisciplinary science  which deals with the  development  and 
self-organization.  The system  and dynamic conception of  P. Sydorov and I. Novikov 
is a multidisciplinary and integral approach to the psychosomatic diseases progress 
through the stages of psychogenesis, sociogenesis and pathogenesis.
Progressive number of psychosomatic disease  cases, low efficiency of 
traditional treatment, poor quality of life and the need to  implement highly efficient 
methods  of  etiopathogenetical  psychotherapy  of  psychosomatic disorders require 
further  study of  primarily the issues related  to mechanisms of psychosomatic 
disorders  appearance, research methods and providing effective medical, 
psychological and social help