The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Malondialdehyde and Superoxide Dismutase Levels (Experimental Studies in Dyslipidemic Rat Models)

Dyslipidemia is a lipid profile abnormality characterized by the increase of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and a decrease of high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Dyslipidemia causes oxidative stress which can be shown by increasing levels of malondialdehyde MDA and decreased levels of antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD). This study aims to determine the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on MDA and SOD levels in dyslipidemic rat models. This study is experimental research with a post-test-only control group design. The research subject was 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, namely K0 (control), K1, K2, and K3. Dyslipidemia was induced by giving quail egg yolk 4ml/kg BW/day for 14 days and then followed by giving an omega-3 fatty acids dose of 36 mg/kg BW/day to the K2 group and dose of 72mg/kg BW/day to the K3 group for 14 days. The MDA statistical analysis used the One Way Anova and Post-hoc test and the SOD data analysis used the One-Way Anova and Tamnhane test. The MDA rate was higher in K2 compared to K1, and K3 with a value of p>0.05. SOD levels in K2 increased compared to K1 and K3 with a p>0.05. The administration of omega-3 fatty acids at doses of 36 mg/kg BW/day and 72 mg/kg BW/day for 14 days did not affect reducing MDA levels in dyslipidemic rats but the administration of omega-3 fatty acids at a dose of 36 mg/kg BW/day for 14 days increased SOD levels insignificantly.