The Golden Horde and its Influence on the Formation and Development of the Russian State

The article analyzes the process of formation and subsequent development of one of the largest territorial-administrative units of the Mongol Empire of Genghis - the Golden Horde. The authors pay special attention to the issues of the organization of state government, social structure and legal relations of this powerful nomadic feudal state. Of particular interest is also the problem of the relationship between the Golden Horde and the countries it conquered, primarily the principalities of Kyivan Rus. The authors of the article come to the conclusion that for the Russian principalities they had a vassal character based on the rights of federations, the princes receiving a humiliating label and the right to rule, the introduction of a decimal system of dividing the population, the institution of baskakism, conducting censuses, taxing the population with tribute and numerous taxes, etc.

Under the influence of Great Yasa, similar processes took place in Russian legislation, where features of excessive cruelty (crippling punishments), collective responsibility for committed crimes, which were not characteristic of the pre-Mongol period, appeared. In the spheres of administrative, financial, and military legislation, the Mongol-Tatar influence of the concept of "treasury", the regulation of poll taxes, the population census, the organization of the pit service, etc., also began to be clearly traced.

According to the authors, after the liquidation of the Mongol-Tatar yoke, the South-Western part of Russia chose the European path of development, and the North-East took as an example the Asian form of rule of the Golden Horde. They come to the conclusion that the Muscovite Principality, and later the Russian Empire in its subsequent development, having chosen the Asian path of development, borrowed a lot from the Golden Horde in matters of state, social organization, legal relations, aggressive aggressive foreign policy. According to the authors of the article, a clear confirmation of this is the modern Russian-Ukrainian war, unleashed by the Kremlin leadership of the Russian Federation against the people of Ukraine with the aim of their complete extermination and the revival of the Russian Empire.