People's Journal of Scientific Research
Published December 1, 2017 | Version v1
Journal article Open

CAN and its Risk Factors for Type2 DM

Authors/Creators

Description

Diabetic Neuropathy (DN) is a heterogeneous disorder that encompasses a wide range of abnormalities affecting both proximal and distal peripheral sensory and motor nerves as well as the autonomic nervous system. DN is among the least recognized and understood complications of diabetes despite its significant negative impact on survival and quality of life. To determine the association of various risk factors with CardiovascularAutonomic Neuropathy (CAN) among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus individuals, a hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out at SRG Hospital associated with Jhalawar Medical College, Jhalawar Rajasthan, during May 2015 to November 2016. The participants were subjected to five non-invasive autonomic function tests as recommended by Ewing's criteria and categorized. There was increase in the prevalence of CAN with increase in the age (p < 0.001). This association of different age groups with prevalence of CAN was found to be statistically significant. Gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, family history of diabetes, central and truncal obesity did not shown any significant relation with the prevalence of CAN. Participants consuming mixed diet (65.9% Vs 52.5%) had higher prevalence than vegetarians, which was statistically significant (p = 0.007). There was significant association between duration of diabetes and CAN (p <0.001) showing progressive increased in CAN with increase in duration of diabetes. The prevalence of CAN in relation with duration of diabetes showed a rising trend. Present study showed a relatively high prevalence of CAN in the study area. In addition, it was also observed that advanced age and duration of diabetes were significantly associated with prevalence of CAN. There is a need to institute screening and awareness programs for early detection, even in rural areas, so as to prevent the development of the long term complications.

Files

23-27.pdf

Files (136.0 kB)

Name Size Download all
md5:be9a6ea5cc4b99290c21db73f093d9fc
136.0 kB Preview Download

Additional details

References

  • 1. Permutt MA, Wasson J, Cox N. Genetic Epidemiology of Diabetes. Journal of clinical Investigation. 2005; 115:1431-1439.
  • 2. Skeie S, Thue G, Nerhus K, Sandberg S. Instruments for self-monitoring of blood glucose: Comparisons of Testing Quality Achieved by Patient and a Technician. Clinical chemistry. 2002;48(7):994-1003.
  • 3. Nicholas V. Emanuele Consequences of Alcohol Use in DiabeticsAlcohol Health & Research World. 1998; 22: 3.
  • 4. VinikAI. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy. In: Porte D, Sherwin RS, Baron A, editors. Ellenberg and Rifkin's diabetes mellitus. 6th ed. McGraw Hill: New York, USA. 2002; 789–04.
  • 5. Mehta S, Mathur D, Chaturvedi M, Verma K. Incidence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy and its correlation with retinopathy, microalbuminuria and glycated haemoglobin in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. JIMA. 2002; 100: 141-3.
  • 6. Ziegler D. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy: clinical manifestations and measurement. Diabetes Reviews. 1999; 7:300– 315.
  • 7. Luiz Clemente de souza Pereira Rolim et al. Diabetic Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy: Risk Factors, Clinical Impact and Early Diagnosis Arq Bras Cardiol. 2008; 90(4) : 23-31.
  • 8. Voulgari AC, Psallas M, Kokkinos A, Argiana V, Katsilambros N, Nicholas T, et al. The association between cardiac autonomic neuropathy with metabolic and other factors in subjects with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes and its Compl. 2011; 25(3):159– 67.
  • 9. Knuiman MW, Welborn TA, McCann VJ, Stanton KG, Constable IJ: Prevalence of diabetic complications in relation to risk factors. Diabetes.1986; 35:1332-39.
  • 10. Nolan RP, Susan MB, Adriana EM, Maggie HC. Sexbased differences in the association between duration of type 2 diabetes and heart rate variability. Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research. 2009; 6 :276.
  • 11. Aaberg ML, Burch DM, Hud ZR, Zacharias MP. Gender differences in the onset of diabetic neuropathy. J Diabetes Complications.2008; 22: 83–7.
  • 12. Vinik AI, Maser RE, Mitchell BD, Freeman R. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Diabetes Care. 2003; 26: 1553-79.
  • 13. Christiansen JS: Cigarette smoking and prevalence of microangiopathy in juvenile-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care.1978; 1:146-49.
  • 14. Tesfaye S, Chatuverdi N, Eaton SEM, Ward JD, Manes C, Ionescu-TC, et al. Vascular risk factors and diabetic neuropathy. N Engl J Med. 2005; 352: 341- 50.
  • 15. Witte DR, Tesfaye S, Chaturvedi N, Eaton SEM, Kempler P, Fuller JH, et al. Risk factors for cardiac autonomic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 2005 48: 164–71.