An investigation into Alzheimer's disease, its current treatments, biomarkers, and risk factors

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological illness with a progressive course that is the most common cause of dementia in the global population over the age of 65 (50-70% of all dementia cases).This chronic and progressive disease causes deficiencies in a variety of brain functions (mostly at the cortical and hippocampal levels), including memory, reasoning, orientation, understanding, computation, learning ability, language, and judgement. Changes that contribute to cognitive impairment are accompanied by loss in emotional regulation and social behaviour. According to a research by Ferri et al.3, about 23.4 million individuals have dementia today, with 4.6 new cases identified each year, or one every 7 seconds. These rates are expected to increase every 20 years, with 81.1 million people suffering from dementia by 2040. Patients rarely have symptoms before the age of 50, but the disease's prevalence rises with age. His steady rise has caused medical, social, and economic concerns, particularly in countries with accelerated population ageing.As the world's elderly population ages, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other kinds of dementia are becoming a growing public health concern among the elderly in developing countries. According to estimates, emerging countries will house nearly 70% of the world's population aged 60 and older by 2020, with India accounting for 14.2% of that figure. Dementia is predicted to affect 7.4% of people aged 60 and up in India. There are around 8.8 million Indians over 60 with dementia. Continue to investigate new treatments and therapeutic procedures in attempt to reduce the progression of the disease. Above all, given the neuropathological complexity of the illness, these measurements are designed for many targets and intended for use in the early stages of AD. If these future treatments are to be effective, doctors must develop new diagnostic procedures that will allow doctors to diagnose AD in its preclinical period (before symptoms occur) or perhaps forecast AD before it develops. AD prevention is a reasonable objective, but in order to attain it, we must first get a better understanding of the aetiology of the disease and how environmental and lifestyle variables influence the chance of developing the disease.