Multi-omics reveal neuroprotection of Acer truncatum Bunge Seed extract on hypoxic-ischemia encephalopathy rats under high-altitude

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) at high-altitudes leads to neonatal mortality and long-term neurological complications without effective treatment. Acer truncatum Bunge Seed extract (ASO) has shown motor and cognitive improvement, but its effects on HIE and molecular mechanisms are unclear. Our study revealed that ASO administration rats group exhibited reduced neuronal cell edema and improved motor ability compared to the Control group. Transcriptomics and WGCNA analysis revealed genes associated with lipid biosynthesis, redox homeostasis, neuronal growth, and synaptic plasticity in the ASO group. Lipidomics showed decreased free fatty acids and increased phospholipids with favorable ω-3/ω-6/ω-9 fatty acid ratios, as well as reduced oxidized glycerophospholipids (OxGPs) in the ASO group. Combining transcriptomics with lipidomics analysis revealed FA to FA-CoA, metabolism of phospholipids, and lipid peroxidation were regulated by ASO treatment. Our results demonstrated preliminary metabolism mechanism of ASO ingesting in rats, which implies ASO administration may be a potential intervention strategy for HIE.