Rare biodiversity of highland ecosystems as an indicator of the sustainability of the Chornohora Massif in the Ukrainian Carpathians

The rare biodiversity of highland ecosystems of the Ukrainian Carpathians is analyzed in the article. The peculiarities of the highland nature and the main research activities conducted in the region are described. Information on the distribution and ecology of some rare species and their nature conservation status is provided. The importance of rare biodiversity at different organization levels – from populations to ecosystems – for maintaining the sustainability of the Chornohora massif and the Carpathians is explained. Approaches of rare species, natural communities, and habitat conservation in different natural environment conditions and anthropogenic influences are suggested.