Management of a free-floating electrical scooters fleet

Free-floating electrical scooters (ES) have become major players in short-distance transportation. The reason for their success lies in the time saving and the freedom given by the selfservice vehicles. Their key element is the Lithium Ion battery, which affects the overall performance and account for about one-third of the total ES cost . The scope of this work has been to develop a battery model to be applied to the case of the management of an e-scooter free-floating fleet. Random daily usage of the fleet has been simulated by the use of Markov processes, while the battery has been modeled with Modelica, a language particularly suited for designing 0D/1D models by use of differential equations. The validation of the model has been performed with respect to the Battery NASA Prognostic Dataset, which has been extensively used in many scientific publications.