Global Observations of Sporadic-E and Spread-F Occurrence Rates Using the COSMIC-2 Constellation

We observed the presence of ionospheric L-band Sporadic-E and Spread-F occurrence during 2020-2022 using the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate – 2 (COSMIC-2) also known as FORMOSAT-7. We used the reported S4 scintillation index, an indicator of the scintillation along the line-of-sight, and following previous studies, geolocated the scintillation to the tangent ray height of the line-of-sight between the COSMIC-2 satellite and the Global Positioning System satellite. We then produced maps of the scintillation occurrence frequency versus season and time of day. Our results are in agreement with prior studies using the COSMIC-1 satellites, but some features are more clearly seen in our study.