INFLUENCE OF HYDROTHERMAL CONDITIONS ON GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS AND DEVELOPMENT FOR CEREAL AND CEREAL PEGUM CROPS IN POLISSІA OF UKRAINE

The grain economy of Ukraine is a strategic and most effective branch of the national economy. Grain and products made from it have always been liquid, as they form the basis of the food base and security of the state. Therefore, the goal was to investigate the influence of hydrothermal conditions on the growth and development of winter wheat, grain sorghum and soybean plants, which ensure the formation of high crop yields. Weather conditions had a significant impact on the duration of the interphase periods of the studied crops. The air temperature and the amount of precipitation had a significant influence, which affected the formation, pouring and ripening of grain crops. High air temperatures and lack of moisture in the soil shortened, and moderately warm and rainy weather extended the grain ripening period. Hot weather and a lack of moisture in the one-meter layer of the soil accelerated the passage of this period for several days, and warm weather and a sufficient amount of moisture increased it.